CAJ | 학술논문

为探讨黄淮海地区一年两熟制下土壤耕作方式与秸秆还田相结合的适宜模式,2010-2012年进行了两年度的田间试验,研究不同处理对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统干物质生产和水分利用效率的影响。通过比较常规耕作+秸秆还田、常规耕作+无秸秆还田、深耕+秸秆还田、深耕+无秸秆还田、深松+秸秆还田、深松+无秸秆还田6个处理,发现深松(耕)与秸秆还田可以增加冬小麦和夏玉米的农田耗水量,降低休闲期农田耗水量,提高作物叶片相对含水量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和茎秆伤流量,促进植株干物质积累,进而提高作物籽粒产量和水分利用效率。耕作方式与秸秆还田对冬小麦和夏玉米的干物质生产和水分利用效率存在显著交互作用。与常规耕作+无秸秆还田相比,深耕+秸秆还田和深松+秸秆还田处理的作物干物质积累量分别提高19.3%和22.9%,周年作物产量分别提高18.0%和19.3%,水分利用效率分别提高15.9%和15.1%,且两处理无显著差异。因此认为,与本试验相似环境条件下,宜在秸秆还田的基础上配合深松或深耕。
위탐토황회해지구일년량숙제하토양경작방식여갈간환전상결합적괄의모식,2010-2012년진행료량년도적전간시험,연구불동처리대동소맥-하옥미륜작계통간물질생산화수분이용효솔적영향。통과비교상규경작+갈간환전、상규경작+무갈간환전、심경+갈간환전、심경+무갈간환전、심송+갈간환전、심송+무갈간환전6개처리,발현심송(경)여갈간환전가이증가동소맥화하옥미적농전모수량,강저휴한기농전모수량,제고작물협편상대함수량、정광합속솔、증등속솔화경간상류량,촉진식주간물질적루,진이제고작물자립산량화수분이용효솔。경작방식여갈간환전대동소맥화하옥미적간물질생산화수분이용효솔존재현저교호작용。여상규경작+무갈간환전상비,심경+갈간환전화심송+갈간환전처리적작물간물질적루량분별제고19.3%화22.9%,주년작물산량분별제고18.0%화19.3%,수분이용효솔분별제고15.9%화15.1%,차량처리무현저차이。인차인위,여본시험상사배경조건하,의재갈간환전적기출상배합심송혹심경。
Straw returning to the field has been carried out in the Huang-Huai-Hai River Plain for ten years. In a consecutive two-year field experiment from 2010 to 2012, the effects of conventional tillage (CT), deep tillage (DT) and subsoiling (SS) on dry matter accumulation and water use efficiency were tested in a winter wheat-summer maize rotation system for setting up a tillage practice suitable for straw returning. The results were obtained from the comparison among six treatments, including CT+AS (all straw returning), CT+NS (no straw returning), DT+AS, DT+NS, SS+AS, and SS+NS. Under straw returning condi-tion, either DT or SS practice increased water consumption amount during winter wheat or summer maize growth period but de-creased it during fallow period. In addition, relative water content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) of leaf, and bleeding sap in stalk were also increased in both crops, leading to more biomass and higher water use efficiency together with increased grain yields in winter wheat and summer maize seasons. The effects of interactions between soil tillage (DT or SS) and straw returning on dry matter accumulation and water use efficiency were significant in both crops. Compared with conventional tillage under no straw returning, DT and SS under straw retuning resulted in increased dry matter accumulation (by 19.3%and 22.9%, respectively), annual crop yield (by 18.0%and 19.3%, respectively), and water use efficiency (by 15.9%and 15.1%, re-spectively). The difference of the effect between DT and SS under straw returning was not significant. Therefore, we recommend DT or SS practice in straw returning field under the environment similar to that of this experiment.