CAJ | 학술논문

免耕秸秆覆盖是中国北方干旱半干旱区一种重要的保护性耕作模式。为明确宽行覆盖窄行深松交错种植条件下覆盖带适宜的秸秆覆盖量和覆盖方式,2012-2013年在河北省廊坊市进行了春玉米的田间试验。选用郑单958为试验材料,采用80 cm+40 cm宽窄行种植,宽行间覆盖秸秆,窄行间进行苗带深松,设置8.42 t hm-2覆盖量下粉碎覆盖(100SC)、整秆覆盖(100SP)、4.21 t hm-2覆盖量下粉碎覆盖(50SC)、整秆覆盖(50SP)和不覆盖(CK)处理,测定土壤水分和温度、出苗状况、物质积累、产量及产量构成。结果表明,秸秆覆盖与深松结合条件下,4种覆盖处理与对照相比均提高了土壤含水量,其中50SC处理在花前0~15 cm土壤降温幅度最小,其他覆盖处理显著降低花前土壤温度。各覆盖处理明显提高了苗期整齐度,秸秆覆盖对苗期的生育期天数略有推迟。与 CK 相比,50SC 提高了春玉米地上部生物量,促进花后干物质积累,千粒重和穗粒重分别提高10.9%(P<0.05)和6.5%(P<0.05),产量提高4.78%,达12243 kg hm-2。50SC条件下产量与全生育期干物质积累(DMA)、花后/花前DMA呈极显著正相关。说明宽行覆盖窄行深松交错种植有利于缓和秸秆覆盖对出苗的物理阻碍,其中秸秆以4.21 t hm-2的覆盖量粉碎覆盖效果最好,该处理可为玉米提供稳定有利的土壤水分和温度条件,提高了生育后期的物质积累以及籽粒产量。
면경갈간복개시중국북방간한반간한구일충중요적보호성경작모식。위명학관행복개착행심송교착충식조건하복개대괄의적갈간복개량화복개방식,2012-2013년재하북성랑방시진행료춘옥미적전간시험。선용정단958위시험재료,채용80 cm+40 cm관착행충식,관행간복개갈간,착행간진행묘대심송,설치8.42 t hm-2복개량하분쇄복개(100SC)、정간복개(100SP)、4.21 t hm-2복개량하분쇄복개(50SC)、정간복개(50SP)화불복개(CK)처리,측정토양수분화온도、출묘상황、물질적루、산량급산량구성。결과표명,갈간복개여심송결합조건하,4충복개처리여대조상비균제고료토양함수량,기중50SC처리재화전0~15 cm토양강온폭도최소,기타복개처리현저강저화전토양온도。각복개처리명현제고료묘기정제도,갈간복개대묘기적생육기천수략유추지。여 CK 상비,50SC 제고료춘옥미지상부생물량,촉진화후간물질적루,천립중화수립중분별제고10.9%(P<0.05)화6.5%(P<0.05),산량제고4.78%,체12243 kg hm-2。50SC조건하산량여전생육기간물질적루(DMA)、화후/화전DMA정겁현저정상관。설명관행복개착행심송교착충식유리우완화갈간복개대출묘적물리조애,기중갈간이4.21 t hm-2적복개량분쇄복개효과최호,해처리가위옥미제공은정유리적토양수분화온도조건,제고료생육후기적물질적루이급자립산량。
No-tillage with straw mulching is widely adopted in arid and semi-arid regions of North China which effectively pre-serves the water content. But it decreases the soil temperature and results in seed germination delaying. We developed a new way of no-tillage with straw mulching. The straw mulching was conducted only in the wide inter-row, and subsoiling was conducted in the narrow inter-row. To determine the quantity and method of straw mulching in this new no-tillage way, we conducted field ex-periments in 2012 and 2013 in Langfang, Hebei province. The maize cultivar Zhengdan 958 was planted with 80 cm+40 cm in-ter-row planting spacing. The treatments of wide inter-row included mulching with 8.42 t ha-1 of chopped straw (100SC) and prostrated straw (100SP), 4.21 t ha-1 of chopped straw (50SC) and prostrated straw (50SP), with no straw mulching as CK. Soil temperature, soil moisture, emergence quality, days of growth period, dry matter accumulation, yield and its components were compared among these treatments. The results showed that the soil moisture were increased in all the four straw mulching treat-ments. The 50SC treatment had the least influence on decreasing soil temperature compared with CK. The emergence uniformity of all straw mulching treatments increased significantly. Straw mulching had less significant effects on duration from sowing to seedling. Above-ground biomass of 50SC was improved, and its dry matter accumulation was promoted at post-anthesis stage. Compared with CK, the yield of 50SC was increased by 4.78%, and 1000-kernel weight and kernel weight per ear by 10.9%and 6.5%, respectively. The yield of 50SC had very significant correlation with its whole period dry matter accumulation (DMA) and ratio of post-anthesis to pre-anthesis DMA. Therefore, the mulching technique in this study has less physical constraint to emer-gence, and in this new way of straw mulching 4.21 t ha-1 of chopped straw mulching is better for maize. With this condition, the adverse effects of straw on emergence are alleviated and dry matter accumulation in later period and yield of maize are increased.