CAJ | 학술논문

以籼型两系杂交稻陵两优268和两优培九为材料，进行了为期2年(2012-2013)的大田分期播种试验，每年分7期播种，旨在研究水稻灌浆期光温要素对籽粒灌浆结实的影响，并提取与此有关的光温特性参数。因此，以Richards方程拟合观测数据得到的平均灌浆速率为纽带，通过引入光温订正方程，建立Richards扩展方程。结合全局优化算法SCE-UA (Shuffled Complex Evolution Algorithm)，优化方程参数，估算2个品种灌浆结实的光温特征参数和响应曲线。结果显示，光照主要通过影响籽粒最终重量而间接作用于平均灌浆速率，温度则通过影响灌浆进程的快慢作用于平均灌浆速率。陵两优268灌浆结实期的光照阈值(R0)、最低(Tmin)、最高(Tmax)和最适温度(Top)分别为18.94 MJ m-2 d-1、6.81℃、33.29℃和30.28℃；两优培九上述参数分别为21.71 MJ m-2 d-1、6.10℃、33.74℃和24.16℃。形成的光照和温度响应曲线，能够较好地反映两品种平均灌浆速率对光温条件的响应差异，其中陵两优268平均灌浆速率表现为“温度敏感型”，而两优培九表现为“光照敏感型”。本文运用数学模型方法定量分析和比较了光温要素对有效灌浆期内平均灌浆速率的影响，其方法和结论为建立相应的农业气象指标，评估气候资源对水稻产量的影响提供了重要参考依据。
이선형량계잡교도릉량우268화량우배구위재료，진행료위기2년(2012-2013)적대전분기파충시험，매년분7기파충，지재연구수도관장기광온요소대자립관장결실적영향，병제취여차유관적광온특성삼수。인차，이Richards방정의합관측수거득도적평균관장속솔위뉴대，통과인입광온정정방정，건립Richards확전방정。결합전국우화산법SCE-UA (Shuffled Complex Evolution Algorithm)，우화방정삼수，고산2개품충관장결실적광온특정삼수화향응곡선。결과현시，광조주요통과영향자립최종중량이간접작용우평균관장속솔，온도칙통과영향관장진정적쾌만작용우평균관장속솔。릉량우268관장결실기적광조역치(R0)、최저(Tmin)、최고(Tmax)화최괄온도(Top)분별위18.94 MJ m-2 d-1、6.81℃、33.29℃화30.28℃；량우배구상술삼수분별위21.71 MJ m-2 d-1、6.10℃、33.74℃화24.16℃。형성적광조화온도향응곡선，능구교호지반영량품충평균관장속솔대광온조건적향응차이，기중릉량우268평균관장속솔표현위“온도민감형”，이량우배구표현위“광조민감형”。본문운용수학모형방법정량분석화비교료광온요소대유효관장기내평균관장속솔적영향，기방법화결론위건립상응적농업기상지표，평고기후자원대수도산량적영향제공료중요삼고의거。
Richards equation has been widely used to simulate rice grain filling rates, but the lack of capability to relate environ-mental factors in its simulation impedes the application of Richards’ equation in evaluating the impact of adverse climate on grain filling process. Therefore, a mathematical modeling method, together with two-year filed-seeding experiment (2012-2013) data, was used in this paper to examine the feasibility of an extended Richards’ equation on this issue. The two-year experiment was carried out in Nanjing with two indica two-line hybrid rice cultivars, Lingliangyou 268 and Liangyoupeijiu. On the basis of the observations, Richards equation was first used to estimate rice grain filling parameters and calculate mean grain filling rate in each effective grain filling period. Subsequently, a radiation and temperature correction function was introduced into the Richards’ equation to form an extended equation by linking the mean grain filling rates to daily radiation and mean temperature observations. A set of radiation and temperature characteristic parameters were included in the correction function, which theoretically reflect the response of mean grain filling rates to the change of temperature and radiation conditions and form response curves for the two tested varieties. To estimate these parameters, we applied the Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE-UA) global optimization algo-rithm in this paper, since the extended equation was highly nonlinear. Statistical methods were also applied to analyze the relations between retrieved rice grain filling parameters and climatic factors. The results showed that insufficient sun radiation had an indi-rect and negative effect on mean grain filling rate by imposing an adverse influence on CO2 assimilation. Daily mean temperature mainly showed an evident effect on mean grain filling rate which could be accelerated under high temperatures or slow down at adverse low temperatures, but it also had a great influence on CO2 assimilation as well as the accumulation of assimilation prod-ucts in grains. The estimated critical radiation and critical temperatures for Lingliangyou 268 were 18.94 MJ m-2 d-1, 6.81℃, 33.29℃, 30.28℃, respectively, and 21.71 MJ m-2 d-1, 6.10℃, 33.74℃, and 24.16℃for Liangyoupeijiu, which demonstrate an evident difference between the two varieties. Quantitative analyses based on the temperature and radiation response curves showed that the correction coefficients for rice seeding dates in May in 2012 for both rice varieties were generally higher than that of other seeding dates, which implies that the time of seeding is critical to grain filling and yield formation. In addition, Linglian-gyou 268 exhibited stronger temperature sensitivity in grain filling period, which means that the mean grain filling rate is more sensitive to the temperature change than to the radiation variation. In comparison, Liangyoupeijiu represented greater radiation sensitivity in grain filling, which indicates that this cultivar can be greatly influenced by insufficient radiation during the grain filling stage. On the whole, the mathematical model presented successfully retrieved the critical parameters representing the ef-fects of daily mean temperature and radiation on mean grain filling rates from field observations. Although more validations are expected to examine the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method, it can be an important reference for developing agro-meteorological indexes for monitoring and evaluating the effects of meteorological factors on rice grain filling as well as on yield formation.