CAJ | 학술논문

以江苏丰县大沙河林场杨树多代连作人工林为对象，研究根际、非根际土壤的养分特征、酶活性及微生物数量变化，探讨多代连作对人工林地力的影响。结果表明：①杨树根际土养分含量、土壤酶（脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶）活性以及微生物（真菌、放线菌、细菌）数量均高于非根际土壤，而根际土pH和多酚氧化酶活性则低于非根际土；②土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性的增强以及微生物数量的增加有利于土壤有机质的累积及多数养分元素的转化，但多酚氧化酶活性越大，养分含量越低；土壤pH的下降对多数土壤酶活性及微生物有不利影响；真菌与土壤酶活性的整体相关性要比放线菌和细菌密切；③杨树多代连作，会造成根际土壤pH相对于非根际的降低，并且逐代连作后根际土壤pH下降更多，而杨树多代连作会造成根际土壤多酚氧化酶活性逐代的升高，还会造成根际土壤中养分、脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶及微生物的逐代减弱，其中有些指标甚至会低于非根际土壤。综上，在江苏丰县应避免杨树连作，可更换品种或进行树种轮栽以缓解连作对地力带来的不利影响，注重维系土壤酶活性和微生物数量水平，同时采取措施减弱土壤的酸化程度。
이강소봉현대사하림장양수다대련작인공림위대상，연구근제、비근제토양적양분특정、매활성급미생물수량변화，탐토다대련작대인공임지력적영향。결과표명：①양수근제토양분함량、토양매（뇨매、자당매、감성린산매、과양화경매）활성이급미생물（진균、방선균、세균）수량균고우비근제토양，이근제토pH화다분양화매활성칙저우비근제토；②토양뇨매、자당매、감성린산매、과양화경매활성적증강이급미생물수량적증가유리우토양유궤질적루적급다수양분원소적전화，단다분양화매활성월대，양분함량월저；토양pH적하강대다수토양매활성급미생물유불리영향；진균여토양매활성적정체상관성요비방선균화세균밀절；③양수다대련작，회조성근제토양pH상대우비근제적강저，병차축대련작후근제토양pH하강경다，이양수다대련작회조성근제토양다분양화매활성축대적승고，환회조성근제토양중양분、뇨매、자당매、감성린산매、과양화경매급미생물적축대감약，기중유사지표심지회저우비근제토양。종상，재강소봉현응피면양수련작，가경환품충혹진행수충륜재이완해련작대지력대래적불리영향，주중유계토양매활성화미생물수량수평，동시채취조시감약토양적산화정도。
The continuously planted poplar plantations in Dashahe Forest Farm, Fengxian county, Jiangsu province were chosen to study the characteristics of nutrients, soil enzymes and microorganisms in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere. Effects of continuous planting of poplars on the soil fertility of artificial forests were also discussed. The results showed as follows:①The content of soil nutrient, activity of soil enzymes ( urease, invertase, alkaline phosphatase, catalase) and the number of microorganisms ( fungi, actinomyces, bacteria) in the rhizosphere were higher than that in the non-rhizo-sphere, while soil pH value and the polyphenol oxidase activity showed the opposite appearance. ②The enhancement of soil urease, invertase, alkaline phosphatase and catalase activity as well as the increasement of microorganisms were ad-vantageous to the accumulation of soil organic matter and the transformation of nutrient elements. But the greater the ac-tivity of polyphenol oxidase was, the lower the content of soil nutrient was. The decline of soil pH value had an adverse effect on the most of the soil enzymes and microorganisms. The correlation between fungi and soil enzyme was closer than it between actinomyces and soil enzyme or bacteria and soil enzyme. ③ Because of the continuous cropping poplar, the rhizosphere soil pH was lower than non rhizosphere soil and continued to reducing with the number of cropping genera-tions. But the polyphenol oxidase gradually increase with the contimous cropping, while the soil nutrients, urease, in-vertase and alkaline phosphatase, catalase and microorganisms gradually reduced even lower than non rhizosphere soil. In conclusion, continuous planting of poplars should be avoided at Fengxian. The replacement of varieties of poplar or species could be used to alleviate the negative influence of continuous planting. Maintaining the level of soil enzyme and microorganisms should be paid attention to, and measures were taken to decrease the soil acidification at the same time.