中国土地科学
中國土地科學
중국토지과학
HINA LAND SCIENCE
2012年
3期
22-28
,共7页
宏观调控%农地保护%土地使用分区管制%土地与房屋税%利率
宏觀調控%農地保護%土地使用分區管製%土地與房屋稅%利率
굉관조공%농지보호%토지사용분구관제%토지여방옥세%리솔
macroeconomic regulation%farm land protection%zoning%property tax%interest rate
研究目的：归纳美国土地政策的文献，探讨美国的土地政策对宏观经济的影响，为中国土地宏观调控实践提供借鉴。研究方法：文献综述法。研究结果：（1）农地保护政策短期有助于农产品价格稳定，长期则不宜作为宏观调控的工具。（2）土地使用分区管制对投资影响的短期效果明显；调降容积率短期会刺激开发商抢建及暂缓投机，长期则能提高居住环境质量；不动产税收政策短期能够引导房地产投机需求的流向，长期则可降低投机的获利空间。（3）利率在短期内对不动产证券、不动产上市公司股票的影响较为迅速，调升利率会有效抑制经济过热，但也应注意抵押融资坏帐风险；长期而言利率调整应配合景气好坏，并从制度层面完善金融市场。研究结论：尽管美国的土地政策并非作为直接的宏观调控工具，但对宏观经济存在短期与长期的显著影响，其经验值得借鉴。
研究目的：歸納美國土地政策的文獻，探討美國的土地政策對宏觀經濟的影響，為中國土地宏觀調控實踐提供藉鑒。研究方法：文獻綜述法。研究結果：（1）農地保護政策短期有助于農產品價格穩定，長期則不宜作為宏觀調控的工具。（2）土地使用分區管製對投資影響的短期效果明顯；調降容積率短期會刺激開髮商搶建及暫緩投機，長期則能提高居住環境質量；不動產稅收政策短期能夠引導房地產投機需求的流嚮，長期則可降低投機的穫利空間。（3）利率在短期內對不動產證券、不動產上市公司股票的影響較為迅速，調升利率會有效抑製經濟過熱，但也應註意牴押融資壞帳風險；長期而言利率調整應配閤景氣好壞，併從製度層麵完善金融市場。研究結論：儘管美國的土地政策併非作為直接的宏觀調控工具，但對宏觀經濟存在短期與長期的顯著影響，其經驗值得藉鑒。
연구목적：귀납미국토지정책적문헌，탐토미국적토지정책대굉관경제적영향，위중국토지굉관조공실천제공차감。연구방법：문헌종술법。연구결과：（1）농지보호정책단기유조우농산품개격은정，장기칙불의작위굉관조공적공구。（2）토지사용분구관제대투자영향적단기효과명현；조강용적솔단기회자격개발상창건급잠완투궤，장기칙능제고거주배경질량；불동산세수정책단기능구인도방지산투궤수구적류향，장기칙가강저투궤적획리공간。（3）리솔재단기내대불동산증권、불동산상시공사고표적영향교위신속，조승리솔회유효억제경제과열，단야응주의저압융자배장풍험；장기이언리솔조정응배합경기호배，병종제도층면완선금융시장。연구결론：진관미국적토지정책병비작위직접적굉관조공공구，단대굉관경제존재단기여장기적현저영향，기경험치득차감。
The purpose of this paper is to induce literatures on the land policies in the U.S. and discuss its impacts on the macro economy. Method used is literature review. The results indicate that： 1 ） Farm land conservation policy is useful for stabilizing farm product price in the short run while it is unsuitable to be an instrument of macro-regulation in the long run; 2） Suspending or keeping on urban expansion and urban renewal through zoning can decrease or increase investment. Decreasing floor area ratio （FAR） will stimulate developer to build quickly and suspend opportunistic behavior in the short run and raise the quality of housing and environmental in the long run. Property tax can guide the opportunistic investing of real estate in the short run and decrease the benefits of opportunistic investing in the long run; 3 ） Interest rate influences REITs and stocks of real estate companies quickly in the short run. High interest rate will attack the growth of economy. It is also important to monitor the risk of bad debt of mortgage market.In the long run, interest rate policy must coordinate with business cycle and it is also crucial to ameliorate financial market. It is concluded that land policies have significant impacts on the economic growth and cycles although they are not directly as the macro-regulation tools in U.S. The experiences are useful to the situation in China.
