CAJ | 학술논문

目的了解我国肝、肾移植受者生理和心理健康状况,为卫生管理机构和移植中心建立受者健康管理体系提供依据.方法本研究为全国范围的横断面调查.调查对象为北京、上海、广州等9个地区的392例肝、肾移植受者.采用面对面访谈,问卷问题设计参考WHO生活质量量表(QOL-BREF)及肾脏疾病生活质量简表(KDQOL-SF).调查内容主要包括:一般人口学信息,过去4周内的生活质量、健康状况及其影响因素,心理状况,受者需求和满意度调查等.结果 392例移植受者中,肝移植受者151例,肾移植受者241例.调研结果提示:(1)生活质量调查中,回答“很好”和“好”的受者比例为62.24％,年龄对移植受者生活质量的影响具有统计学意义(x2=6.60,P＜0.05).(2)健康状况调查中,回答“很好”和“好”的比例占69.39％.移植受者的性别、年龄、移植手术后时间、医疗保障和工作状态5个因素对移植受者的健康状况无显著影响,差异均无统计学意义(x2 =0.33、3.41、1.85、0.44、0.68,均P＞0.05).(3)心理状况调查中,长期处于负性心理状态的受者比例较少.结论我国现阶段多数肝、肾移植受者的健康状况及生活质量较好.但移植受者在生理、心理等方面的满意度与其心理预期还存在一定差距.
목적 료해아국간、신이식수자생리화심리건강상황,위위생관리궤구화이식중심건립수자건강관리체계제공의거.방법 본연구위전국범위적횡단면조사.조사대상위북경、상해、엄주등9개지구적392례간、신이식수자.채용면대면방담,문권문제설계삼고WHO생활질량량표(QOL-BREF)급신장질병생활질량간표(KDQOL-SF).조사내용주요포괄:일반인구학신식,과거4주내적생활질량、건강상황급기영향인소,심리상황,수자수구화만의도조사등.결과 392례이식수자중,간이식수자151례,신이식수자241례.조연결과제시:(1)생활질량조사중,회답“흔호”화“호”적수자비례위62.24％,년령대이식수자생활질량적영향구유통계학의의(x2=6.60,P＜0.05).(2)건강상황조사중,회답“흔호”화“호”적비례점69.39％.이식수자적성별、년령、이식수술후시간、의료보장화공작상태5개인소대이식수자적건강상황무현저영향,차이균무통계학의의(x2 =0.33、3.41、1.85、0.44、0.68,균P＞0.05).(3)심리상황조사중,장기처우부성심리상태적수자비례교소.결론 아국현계단다수간、신이식수자적건강상황급생활질량교호.단이식수자재생리、심리등방면적만의도여기심리예기환존재일정차거.
Objective To evaluate physical and mental health of liver or renal transplant recipients in China to provide evidence for the construction of recipients' health management system.Methods Three hundred and ninety-two liver or kidney transplant recipients from nine cities of China were included in this cross-sectional survey.A questionaire was designed according to the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref (QOL-BREF) and Kidney Disease and Quality of LifeTM Short Form(KDQOL-SF).Demographics,quality of life (QOL) and health status over 4 weeks,mental health,and health education needs and satisfaction were recorded during face-to-face interview.Results Of 392 participants,241 underwent liver transplantation,and 151 received kidney transplantive surgery.About 62.2％ patients considered " very good" or "good" QOL,which was significantly affected by age (x2 =6.60,P ＜ 0.05).Nearly 69.4％recipients reported "very good" or "good" health status.Gender,age,post-operation time,medical insurance and work status seemed to play no significant impacts on the health status of the subjects (x2 values were 0.33,3.41,1.85,0.44 and 0.68,respectively; all P ＞ 0.05).Only a small number of the recipients showed long-term negative state of mind.Conclusions Our survey suggests that health status and QOL are considerably improved in majority of solid organ transplant recipients in mainland of China.However,a gap between medical or social satisfaction and mental expectation still exists to some extent among this population.