CAJ | 학술논문

职务专利的归属立法关乎劳动者创造性的激励，对于我国实施创新驱动发展战略有着至关重要的作用。根据我国现行《专利法》，单位是职务专利的权利人；虽然该法律同时规定单位应当支付给发明、设计人一定的奖励或报酬，但对奖励和报酬的数额规定过低，这显然不利于劳动者创造性的激发。应当改革现有职务专利归属制度，综合平衡发明人利益、单位需求和专利效益最大化，赋予发明人部分专利权的同时，规定单位有发明人服务期间的排他使用权和发明人离职时的强制赎买权；同时，为了防止单位滥用自己作为雇主的优势地位损害发明人正当利益，应该对单位和发明人之间的约定加以限制。
직무전리적귀속입법관호노동자창조성적격려，대우아국실시창신구동발전전략유착지관중요적작용。근거아국현행《전리법》，단위시직무전리적권리인；수연해법률동시규정단위응당지부급발명、설계인일정적장려혹보수，단대장려화보수적수액규정과저，저현연불리우노동자창조성적격발。응당개혁현유직무전리귀속제도，종합평형발명인이익、단위수구화전리효익최대화，부여발명인부분전리권적동시，규정단위유발명인복무기간적배타사용권화발명인리직시적강제속매권；동시，위료방지단위람용자기작위고주적우세지위손해발명인정당이익，응해대단위화발명인지간적약정가이한제。
The ownership of wok -made-for-hire makes a key point to inspire the employees ’ creativity.It’ s also sig-nificant for the implement of innovation -driven development strategy , which is determined on the Eighteenth National Con-gress of the CPC.According to the current patent law of the People's Republic of China , the entity that is granted the patent right shall award to the inventor or creator of a service invention -creation a reward and , upon the exploitation of the paten-ted invention-creation, shall award to the inventor or creator an appropriate remuneration based on the extent of exploita -tion and application and the economic benefits yielded.However , the amount of the award is too low to inspire the employ-ees’ creativity.The needs of employees have risen from high standard of living to self -fulfillment because of social devel-opment.So the law related should be reformed for the benefits of employees.That is to say, the employees should be enti-tled as part-owner of the patent.Meanwhile , to improve the efficiency of the use of patent , the entity ’ s right to apply the patent to production ought to be acknowledged.And when the inventor resigns , the entity can redeem his or her part , and become the only owner of the patent.