CAJ | 학술논문

探讨高温与水稻产量的关系，在水稻高温热害防御中有重要意义。利用皖浙地区气象数据与早稻生育状况观测数据，分析了皖浙地区早稻高温热害规律及高温热害与早稻产量结构的关系。结果表明：皖浙2省早稻受高温热害危害的敏感期常年为6月中旬至7月中旬，且高温热害发生在时间分布上存在着周期震荡，其中20世纪80年代中期以前高温热害在发生日数和次数上呈减少趋势，其后则呈增多趋势；在空间分布上，安徽省沿江、江淮早稻主产区的高温热害重于沿淮地区；浙江省的金华-丽水一带为早稻高温热害重发区。在高温热害对早稻产量结构因素的影响中，高温热害与穗结实粒数、千粒重之间为负相关，与空壳率和秕谷率之间呈正相关，且扬花灌浆期高温热害对水稻空壳率和穗粒数影响较为显著。研究认为早稻抽穗扬花期遭遇高温热害，会对水稻结实率、千粒重、空壳率、秕谷率造成不等程度危害，其中穗粒数减少、空壳率增加是高温热害影响产量的主要原因。
탐토고온여수도산량적관계，재수도고온열해방어중유중요의의。이용환절지구기상수거여조도생육상황관측수거，분석료환절지구조도고온열해규률급고온열해여조도산량결구적관계。결과표명：환절2성조도수고온열해위해적민감기상년위6월중순지7월중순，차고온열해발생재시간분포상존재착주기진탕，기중20세기80년대중기이전고온열해재발생일수화차수상정감소추세，기후칙정증다추세；재공간분포상，안휘성연강、강회조도주산구적고온열해중우연회지구；절강성적금화-려수일대위조도고온열해중발구。재고온열해대조도산량결구인소적영향중，고온열해여수결실립수、천립중지간위부상관，여공각솔화비곡솔지간정정상관，차양화관장기고온열해대수도공각솔화수립수영향교위현저。연구인위조도추수양화기조우고온열해，회대수도결실솔、천립중、공각솔、비곡솔조성불등정도위해，기중수립수감소、공각솔증가시고온열해영향산량적주요원인。
It is high significant to probe the relationships between Rice high temperature induced heat damage and rice production. Based on the analysis of the data of meteorology and early season rice development stage in Anhui Province and Zhejiang Province, law of high temperature induced heat damage on early season rice and its relationships with rice yield structures were analyzed. Firstly, impact phase of rice high temperature induced heat damage was found between the early June and mid-July, and interannual variation for the heat damage was periodic oscillation with several years frequent occurrence and next several years rare occurrence. However, the days of high temperature and the times of the heat damage for rice was also tended to reduce before mid-1980s, but tended to ascend after mid-1980s. Respect to spatial distribution, high probability and severely afflicted region of rice high temperature induced heat damage were along to Yangtze in Anhui, and the area under the jurisdiction of Jinhua and Lishui in Zhejiang. Secondly, the relationship between high temperature induced heat damage and rice yield structures were finally expounded. The duration of the high temperature induced heat damage was positively related to the percentage of empty grain and unfilled grain, while it was negatively related to the seeds per spike, the thousand grain weights. Studies suggested that raising of percentage of empty grain and releasing of seeds per spike were primary cause of production reducing.