CAJ | 학술논문

为了筛选近年江西审定的优良早稻品种和指导江西早稻品种选育及推广应用，对江西省2003-2011年审定的130个早稻品种的育种方法，不育系和恢复系利用，选育单位，产量、米质及抗性性状进行分析、评价。结果表明：三系杂交早稻品种81个，占62.3%；两系杂交早稻品种30个，占23.1%；常规稻品种19个，占14.6%；杂交早稻是江西早稻选育的主要方向，三系法仍然是当前江西省早稻育种的主要方法，两系法呈现良好前景。111个杂交早稻品种利用了34个不育系，其中，三系不育系23个，两系不育系11个，‘金23A’、‘株1S’、‘优IA’、‘中9A’、‘荣丰A’和‘五丰A’等6个不育系是目前江西杂交早稻选育中应用的主要不育系，利用了87个恢复系，恢复系应用面广、数量多，突出的少，遗传多样性较低。第一选育单位有52家，分为种业（种子）公司、研究所（院）和学院（大学）等5类，其中，种业（种子）公司和研究所（院）审定了115个品种，两者占88.46%，是江西早稻品种选育的主要力量；分布在江西、湖南、浙江和北京等8省市，其中，江西省单位最多，有37家，审定品种94个，育种总体实力强。筛选到具有高产、优质和抗性等主要性状的优良品种90个次，其中，高产品种24个，抗性品种42个，优质品种12个，具有综合2个性状的优良品种12个。
위료사선근년강서심정적우량조도품충화지도강서조도품충선육급추엄응용，대강서성2003-2011년심정적130개조도품충적육충방법，불육계화회복계이용，선육단위，산량、미질급항성성상진행분석、평개。결과표명：삼계잡교조도품충81개，점62.3%；량계잡교조도품충30개，점23.1%；상규도품충19개，점14.6%；잡교조도시강서조도선육적주요방향，삼계법잉연시당전강서성조도육충적주요방법，량계법정현량호전경。111개잡교조도품충이용료34개불육계，기중，삼계불육계23개，량계불육계11개，‘금23A’、‘주1S’、‘우IA’、‘중9A’、‘영봉A’화‘오봉A’등6개불육계시목전강서잡교조도선육중응용적주요불육계，이용료87개회복계，회복계응용면엄、수량다，돌출적소，유전다양성교저。제일선육단위유52가，분위충업（충자）공사、연구소（원）화학원（대학）등5류，기중，충업（충자）공사화연구소（원）심정료115개품충，량자점88.46%，시강서조도품충선육적주요역량；분포재강서、호남、절강화북경등8성시，기중，강서성단위최다，유37가，심정품충94개，육충총체실력강。사선도구유고산、우질화항성등주요성상적우량품충90개차，기중，고산품충24개，항성품충42개，우질품충12개，구유종합2개성상적우량품충12개。
In order to select excellent early rice varieties by approved in Jiangxi Province and direct breeding and application of early rice varieties, the general situation, breeding method , utilization of sterile line and restorer line, breeding department, yield, rice quality and disease resistance of the approved 130 early rice varieties in Jiangxi from 2003 to 2011 were summarized and evaluated in this paper. Our analysis indicated that, there were 81 three-line early hybrid rice (i.e., 62.3%of total), 30 two-line early hybrid rice (i.e., 23.1%of total) and 19 conventional rice (i.e., 14.6% of total). Hybrid early rice was major direction, three-line breeding method was major way and two-line breeding method had good prospect in Jiangxi early rice breeding. The 34 sterile lines including 23 three-line sterile lines and 11 two-line sterile lines were used to 111 hybrid early rice varieties.‘Jin23A’,‘Zhu1S’,‘YouIA’,‘Zhong9A’,‘RongfengA’and‘WufengA’ were applied to make over 5 hybrid rice varieties, which were the major sterile lines in Jiangxi early rice breeding. The 87 restorer lines were used to 111 hybrid early rice varieties, which showed that application of its were wide scope and many quantities, but outstanding restorer lines were few. Study on pedigree of restorer lines indicated that, its genetic diversity was low. The 111 hybrid early rice varieties were bred by 52 breeding department which had 5 types, these were seed company, research institute, university, extension station and person, which distributed 8 province or municipalities such as Jiangxi Province, Hunan Province, Zhejiang Province, Sichuan Province, Hubei Province, Hainan Province, Beijing etc. Seed company and research institute, which were major power in breeding, bred 115 varieties (i.e., 88.46%of total). Total breeding strength of Jiangxi province was powerful, had 37 breeding department which bred 94 varieties by approved. The 90 early rice varieties, which had one or two of high yield, well rice quality or disease resistance, was selected. There were 24 high yield varieties, 42 disease resistance varieties and 12 good quality varieties and 12 varieties with two traits.