中国农学通报
中國農學通報
중국농학통보
CHINESE AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE BULLETIN
2013年
27期
13-18
,共6页
千粒重%单穴有效穗数%灌溉水利用效率%每穗粒数%每穗实粒数%产量
韆粒重%單穴有效穗數%灌溉水利用效率%每穗粒數%每穗實粒數%產量
천립중%단혈유효수수%관개수이용효솔%매수립수%매수실립수%산량
1000-grain weight%effective panicle number per hole%irrigation water use efficiency%grains per panicle%filled grain number per panicle%yield
为了合理的制定水稻控灌灌溉制度，开展了单生育期内水分控制灌溉对水稻生长影响的试验研究。在水稻分蘖(FN)和乳熟期(RS)分别以土壤饱和含水量的80%(FN1，RS1)和90%(FN2，RS2)作为灌溉下限进行控制灌溉。结果表明：与常规浅湿灌溉相比，生育期水分控制灌溉可以减少该生育期内灌水次数和灌水量，控制灌溉停止后，分蘖期处理水稻需水出现补偿效应，乳熟期则不明显；控制灌溉不利于水稻株高生长，有利于增加每穗粒数和每穗实粒数，对千粒重影响不明显；控制灌溉节水效应显著，但同时减产作用也十分明显，FN1、FN2、RS1和RS2处理分别节水21.1%，16.2%，29.4%和18.1%，减产27.8%，26.8%，29.5%和19.2%；分蘖期控制灌溉减产作用大于节水作用，灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)显著下降，较对照处理降低8.5%~12.7%，乳熟期控制灌溉IWUE和对照差异不显著。因此，从生产角度来讲，当灌溉水水资源匮乏需要控制灌溉时，为了提高IWUE，宜在乳熟期适当控灌，而分蘖期不宜控制灌溉。
為瞭閤理的製定水稻控灌灌溉製度，開展瞭單生育期內水分控製灌溉對水稻生長影響的試驗研究。在水稻分蘗(FN)和乳熟期(RS)分彆以土壤飽和含水量的80%(FN1，RS1)和90%(FN2，RS2)作為灌溉下限進行控製灌溉。結果錶明：與常規淺濕灌溉相比，生育期水分控製灌溉可以減少該生育期內灌水次數和灌水量，控製灌溉停止後，分蘗期處理水稻需水齣現補償效應，乳熟期則不明顯；控製灌溉不利于水稻株高生長，有利于增加每穗粒數和每穗實粒數，對韆粒重影響不明顯；控製灌溉節水效應顯著，但同時減產作用也十分明顯，FN1、FN2、RS1和RS2處理分彆節水21.1%，16.2%，29.4%和18.1%，減產27.8%，26.8%，29.5%和19.2%；分蘗期控製灌溉減產作用大于節水作用，灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)顯著下降，較對照處理降低8.5%~12.7%，乳熟期控製灌溉IWUE和對照差異不顯著。因此，從生產角度來講，噹灌溉水水資源匱乏需要控製灌溉時，為瞭提高IWUE，宜在乳熟期適噹控灌，而分蘗期不宜控製灌溉。
위료합리적제정수도공관관개제도，개전료단생육기내수분공제관개대수도생장영향적시험연구。재수도분얼(FN)화유숙기(RS)분별이토양포화함수량적80%(FN1，RS1)화90%(FN2，RS2)작위관개하한진행공제관개。결과표명：여상규천습관개상비，생육기수분공제관개가이감소해생육기내관수차수화관수량，공제관개정지후，분얼기처리수도수수출현보상효응，유숙기칙불명현；공제관개불리우수도주고생장，유리우증가매수립수화매수실립수，대천립중영향불명현；공제관개절수효응현저，단동시감산작용야십분명현，FN1、FN2、RS1화RS2처리분별절수21.1%，16.2%，29.4%화18.1%，감산27.8%，26.8%，29.5%화19.2%；분얼기공제관개감산작용대우절수작용，관개수이용효솔(IWUE)현저하강，교대조처리강저8.5%~12.7%，유숙기공제관개IWUE화대조차이불현저。인차，종생산각도래강，당관개수수자원궤핍수요공제관개시，위료제고IWUE，의재유숙기괄당공관，이분얼기불의공제관개。
In order to apply the controlled irrigation technique for rice planting more reasonably, the effect of controlled irrigation in a single growing stage on rice growth and yield was studied. Water control was launched in tillering (FN) and milk stage (RS) respectively, and in each stage, soil water content [80%(FN1, RS1), and 90% (FN2, RS2), respectively] was controlled. The results showed that, compared to check treatment, water control decreased irrigation times and amount; compensatory effect appeared as controlled irrigation implemented in tillering stage while it was unobvious implemented in milk stage. Controlled irrigation was against rice growth but conductive to the number and effective number of grain per ear, while it had little effect on thousand seed weight. Though controlled irrigation saved irrigation water apparently, it decreased yield obviously, FN1, FN2, RS1 and RS2 saved irrigation water about 21.1%, 16.2%, 29.4%and 18.1%, while yield decreased 27.8%, 26.8%, 29.5% and 19.2%. Since reduction of output was more than water saving for controlled irrigation during the tillering stage, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of the treatment decreased 8.5%-12.7%, while IWUE little varied as controlled irrigation implemented in milk stage. Therefore, from the production aspect, to get higher IWUE while irrigation water limited, controlled irrigation at milk stage should be concerned, while controlled irrigation at tillering stage should be avoided.
