中国妇幼健康研究
中國婦幼健康研究
중국부유건강연구
CHINESE JOURNAL OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH RESEARCH
2013年
4期
474-477,590
,共5页
杨宇轩%王小娟%胡森科%张敬华%彭田苗%郭坤%于燕
楊宇軒%王小娟%鬍森科%張敬華%彭田苗%郭坤%于燕
양우헌%왕소연%호삼과%장경화%팽전묘%곽곤%우연
头发%元素%寄宿小学生%营养状况评价
頭髮%元素%寄宿小學生%營養狀況評價
두발%원소%기숙소학생%영양상황평개
hair%element%lodging primary school students%assessment of nutritional status
目的了解陕西省贫困县寄宿小学生营养状况及其与体内微量元素的关系，探讨儿童营养不良及元素缺乏对其生长发育的影响，为进一步制定小学生营养干预措施提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法，抽取陕西省淳化县3所寄宿学校中3～6年级寄宿小学生585名，对其身高、体重、血红蛋白，营养状况及饮食习惯进行问卷调查。收集枕后发样，采用火焰原子吸收法检测发样中铜、铁、锌、钙、锰含量；石墨炉原子吸收法测定铅含量；原子荧光法检测发样中硒含量；催化比色法测定碘含量。结果陕西省淳化县寄宿小学生男、女生平均身高、体重均低于陕西省农村地区平均水平（ t值分别为4．651/3．250、2．396/2．854，均P＜0．05）；小学生过度瘦弱及瘦弱率达36．0％，显著高于陕西省农村地区平均水平（χ2值分别为5．381和6．295，均P＜0．05）；超重率为4．0％，肥胖率为1．1％，显著低于陕西省农村地区平均水平（χ2值分别为6．887和5．946，均P＜0．05）；寄宿小学生贫血率显著高于陕西省农村地区平均水平，同年龄女生贫血率显著高于男生（χ2值分别为6．147和7．239，均P＜0．05）；膳食结构中碳水化合物所占供能比例过大，高达126％，而能量、蛋白、脂类及各种人体生长发育必需的元素严重摄入不足，且缺乏蔬菜和优质蛋白质的摄入，而呈现为能量摄入、优质蛋白、脂类严重缺乏的饮食特点；寄宿小学生头发中铜、铁、锌、钙、硒、碘含量均显著低于同年龄儿童正常值范围（t值分别为2．145、2．450、6．124、5．561、0．025、0．041，均P＜0．05），其中锌缺乏率最高，达46．8％，其次为钙缺乏和铁缺乏，缺乏率分别为32．5％和29．2％，且女生头发中铁、钙缺乏率明显高于男生（χ2值分别为4．583、4．064，均P＜0．05）；寄宿小学生营养状况与铜、铁、锌、钙、硒、碘含量呈正相关关系，与铅含量呈负相关关系（ F值分别为3．197、3．011，均P＜0．05）。综合评价营养状况与身体质量指数的相关性：男生为0．398，女生为0．355，均P＜0．05；与Rohrer的相关性：男生为0．649，女生为0．718，均P＜0．01。结论寄宿小学生的膳食结构不合理，各种营养素摄入严重不足，导致生长发育迟缓；贫血、营养不良患病率偏高；寄宿小学生营养状况与铜、铁、锌、钙、硒、碘含量呈正相关关系，与铅含量呈负相关关系；对小学生营养状况评价时，采用Rohrer指数，结合小学生头发中元素含量进行综合评价，更能客观地体现小学生的综合营养状况。
目的瞭解陝西省貧睏縣寄宿小學生營養狀況及其與體內微量元素的關繫，探討兒童營養不良及元素缺乏對其生長髮育的影響，為進一步製定小學生營養榦預措施提供依據。方法採用隨機整群抽樣的方法，抽取陝西省淳化縣3所寄宿學校中3～6年級寄宿小學生585名，對其身高、體重、血紅蛋白，營養狀況及飲食習慣進行問捲調查。收集枕後髮樣，採用火燄原子吸收法檢測髮樣中銅、鐵、鋅、鈣、錳含量；石墨爐原子吸收法測定鉛含量；原子熒光法檢測髮樣中硒含量；催化比色法測定碘含量。結果陝西省淳化縣寄宿小學生男、女生平均身高、體重均低于陝西省農村地區平均水平（ t值分彆為4．651/3．250、2．396/2．854，均P＜0．05）；小學生過度瘦弱及瘦弱率達36．0％，顯著高于陝西省農村地區平均水平（χ2值分彆為5．381和6．295，均P＜0．05）；超重率為4．0％，肥胖率為1．1％，顯著低于陝西省農村地區平均水平（χ2值分彆為6．887和5．946，均P＜0．05）；寄宿小學生貧血率顯著高于陝西省農村地區平均水平，同年齡女生貧血率顯著高于男生（χ2值分彆為6．147和7．239，均P＜0．05）；膳食結構中碳水化閤物所佔供能比例過大，高達126％，而能量、蛋白、脂類及各種人體生長髮育必需的元素嚴重攝入不足，且缺乏蔬菜和優質蛋白質的攝入，而呈現為能量攝入、優質蛋白、脂類嚴重缺乏的飲食特點；寄宿小學生頭髮中銅、鐵、鋅、鈣、硒、碘含量均顯著低于同年齡兒童正常值範圍（t值分彆為2．145、2．450、6．124、5．561、0．025、0．041，均P＜0．05），其中鋅缺乏率最高，達46．8％，其次為鈣缺乏和鐵缺乏，缺乏率分彆為32．5％和29．2％，且女生頭髮中鐵、鈣缺乏率明顯高于男生（χ2值分彆為4．583、4．064，均P＜0．05）；寄宿小學生營養狀況與銅、鐵、鋅、鈣、硒、碘含量呈正相關關繫，與鉛含量呈負相關關繫（ F值分彆為3．197、3．011，均P＜0．05）。綜閤評價營養狀況與身體質量指數的相關性：男生為0．398，女生為0．355，均P＜0．05；與Rohrer的相關性：男生為0．649，女生為0．718，均P＜0．01。結論寄宿小學生的膳食結構不閤理，各種營養素攝入嚴重不足，導緻生長髮育遲緩；貧血、營養不良患病率偏高；寄宿小學生營養狀況與銅、鐵、鋅、鈣、硒、碘含量呈正相關關繫，與鉛含量呈負相關關繫；對小學生營養狀況評價時，採用Rohrer指數，結閤小學生頭髮中元素含量進行綜閤評價，更能客觀地體現小學生的綜閤營養狀況。
목적료해합서성빈곤현기숙소학생영양상황급기여체내미량원소적관계，탐토인동영양불량급원소결핍대기생장발육적영향，위진일보제정소학생영양간예조시제공의거。방법채용수궤정군추양적방법，추취합서성순화현3소기숙학교중3～6년급기숙소학생585명，대기신고、체중、혈홍단백，영양상황급음식습관진행문권조사。수집침후발양，채용화염원자흡수법검측발양중동、철、자、개、맹함량；석묵로원자흡수법측정연함량；원자형광법검측발양중서함량；최화비색법측정전함량。결과합서성순화현기숙소학생남、녀생평균신고、체중균저우합서성농촌지구평균수평（ t치분별위4．651/3．250、2．396/2．854，균P＜0．05）；소학생과도수약급수약솔체36．0％，현저고우합서성농촌지구평균수평（χ2치분별위5．381화6．295，균P＜0．05）；초중솔위4．0％，비반솔위1．1％，현저저우합서성농촌지구평균수평（χ2치분별위6．887화5．946，균P＜0．05）；기숙소학생빈혈솔현저고우합서성농촌지구평균수평，동년령녀생빈혈솔현저고우남생（χ2치분별위6．147화7．239，균P＜0．05）；선식결구중탄수화합물소점공능비례과대，고체126％，이능량、단백、지류급각충인체생장발육필수적원소엄중섭입불족，차결핍소채화우질단백질적섭입，이정현위능량섭입、우질단백、지류엄중결핍적음식특점；기숙소학생두발중동、철、자、개、서、전함량균현저저우동년령인동정상치범위（t치분별위2．145、2．450、6．124、5．561、0．025、0．041，균P＜0．05），기중자결핍솔최고，체46．8％，기차위개결핍화철결핍，결핍솔분별위32．5％화29．2％，차녀생두발중철、개결핍솔명현고우남생（χ2치분별위4．583、4．064，균P＜0．05）；기숙소학생영양상황여동、철、자、개、서、전함량정정상관관계，여연함량정부상관관계（ F치분별위3．197、3．011，균P＜0．05）。종합평개영양상황여신체질량지수적상관성：남생위0．398，녀생위0．355，균P＜0．05；여Rohrer적상관성：남생위0．649，녀생위0．718，균P＜0．01。결론기숙소학생적선식결구불합리，각충영양소섭입엄중불족，도치생장발육지완；빈혈、영양불량환병솔편고；기숙소학생영양상황여동、철、자、개、서、전함량정정상관관계，여연함량정부상관관계；대소학생영양상황평개시，채용Rohrer지수，결합소학생두발중원소함량진행종합평개，경능객관지체현소학생적종합영양상황。
Objective To study the nutritional status of lodging primary school students in Chunhua of Shannxi province and its correlation with element content , and explore the influence of malnutrition and element deficiency on growth and development , so as to provide evidence for intervention .Methods Random cluster sampling was used , and 585 lodging primary school students of grade 3-6 were selected in 3 schools in Chunhua County of Shannxi province .The height, weight, hemoglobin, nutritional status and eating habit were assessed with questionnaire .The flame atomic absorption method was adopted to detect the content of copper , iron, zinc, calcium and manganese .Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrum method , atomic fluorescence method and catalysis chromatometry were adopted to detect the content of lead , selenium and iodine , respectively, with hair at back of head .Results The average height and weight of the lodging primary school students in Chunhua were lower than the average level in rural areas of Shaanxi province ( t value was 4.651/3.250 and 2.396/2.854, respectively, both P<0.05).The excessive skinny rate and emaciated rate was 36.0%, which was significantly higher than the average rate in rural areas (χ2 value was 5.381 and 6.295, respectively, both P<0.05).Overweight rate was 4.0%and the obesity rate was 1.1%, which were significantly lower than the average levels in rural areas of Shaanxi province (χ2 value was 6.887 and 5.946, respectively, both P<0.05).The hyphemia rate of the lodging primary school students was significantly higher than the average level in rural areas of Shaanxi province , and it was significantly higher in girls than in boys at same age (χ2 value was 6.147 and 7.239, respectively, both P<0.05).The ratio of carbohydrate was too high in their dietary structure (126%), and the energy, protein, lipid and all kinds of essential elements in growth and development were severe deficient .Meanwhile , vegetables and high quality protein intake was deficient .The characteristic of dietary structure was serious lack in energy , high grade protein and lipid .The content of copper , zinc, calcium, selenium and iodine in hair was significantly lower than normal range for children of the same age ( t value was 2.145, 2.450, 6.124, 5.561, 0.025 and 0.041, respectively, all P<0.05).The zinc deficient rate was highest (46.8%), followed by calcium and iron(32.5%and 29.2%respectively).The lack rate of iron and calcium was significantly higher in girls than in boys (χ2 value was 4.583 and 4.064, respectively, both P<0.05).There was positive correlation between the nutritional status and the content of copper , iron, zinc, calcium, selenium and iodine, but the lead content was negatively correlated with nutritional status (F value was 3.197 and 3.011, respectively, both P<0.05).The correlation index between nutritional status and BMI in boys and girls was 0.398 and 0.355 (P<0.05), respectively, and Rohrer index in boys and girls was 0.649 and 0.718(P<0.01), respectively.Conclusion The irrational dietary structure and serious shortage of kinds of nutrients in lodging primary school students lead to retardation .The prevalence of hyphemia and malnutrition is relatively high .The nutritional status of lodging primary school students is positively correlated with the content of copper , iron, zinc, calcium, selenium and iodine , but negatively correlated with the content of lead .Considering the element content in hair , Rohrer index used to comprehensively assess the nutritional status of primary school students is more objective .
