水利学报
水利學報
수리학보
2013年
9期
1030-1036
,共7页
吴敏%黄岁樑%杜胜蓝%臧常娟
吳敏%黃歲樑%杜勝藍%臧常娟
오민%황세량%두성람%장상연
投饵%养鱼%潘家口水库%氮素%围隔试验
投餌%養魚%潘傢口水庫%氮素%圍隔試驗
투이%양어%반가구수고%담소%위격시험
fish food%fish culturing%Panjiakou reservoir%nitrogen flux%enclosure experiment
在潘家口水库设置投饵(1#)、投饵单养花鲢(2#)、投饵单养鲤鱼(3#)、投饵混养花鲢和鲤鱼(4#)和空白对照5个围隔及水库背景水体,研究投饵养鱼对水体富营养化关键性因子氮素的影响。结果表明,潘家口水库是“富氮”型水体且硝态氮含量占总氮的70%左右;试验期间水库水体和对照围隔中总氮、溶解性总氮和硝态氮浓度显著高于投饵围隔,氨氮和颗粒态氮浓度则低于投饵及投饵养鱼围隔(p<0.05);与只投饵围隔相比,养殖花鲢和鲤鱼均可显著性降低颗粒态氮和总氮浓度,但养殖花鲢或鲤鱼围隔总氮、氨氮、硝态氮浓度无显著性差异。试验结束后,捕捞围隔中花鲢、鲤鱼,经过称重和营养盐含量分析,结果发现鲤鱼增重明显大于花鲢。假定单位质量鱼肉含氮量不随鱼体生长而改变,则收获2#、3#和4#养鱼围隔中的鱼去除的氮分别占投放饵料中氮含量的3.31%、30.05%和21.18%,鲤鱼对鱼饵利用效率远高于花鲢。续文将讨论围隔试验中磷素的变化。
在潘傢口水庫設置投餌(1#)、投餌單養花鰱(2#)、投餌單養鯉魚(3#)、投餌混養花鰱和鯉魚(4#)和空白對照5箇圍隔及水庫揹景水體,研究投餌養魚對水體富營養化關鍵性因子氮素的影響。結果錶明,潘傢口水庫是“富氮”型水體且硝態氮含量佔總氮的70%左右;試驗期間水庫水體和對照圍隔中總氮、溶解性總氮和硝態氮濃度顯著高于投餌圍隔,氨氮和顆粒態氮濃度則低于投餌及投餌養魚圍隔(p<0.05);與隻投餌圍隔相比,養殖花鰱和鯉魚均可顯著性降低顆粒態氮和總氮濃度,但養殖花鰱或鯉魚圍隔總氮、氨氮、硝態氮濃度無顯著性差異。試驗結束後,捕撈圍隔中花鰱、鯉魚,經過稱重和營養鹽含量分析,結果髮現鯉魚增重明顯大于花鰱。假定單位質量魚肉含氮量不隨魚體生長而改變,則收穫2#、3#和4#養魚圍隔中的魚去除的氮分彆佔投放餌料中氮含量的3.31%、30.05%和21.18%,鯉魚對魚餌利用效率遠高于花鰱。續文將討論圍隔試驗中燐素的變化。
재반가구수고설치투이(1#)、투이단양화련(2#)、투이단양리어(3#)、투이혼양화련화리어(4#)화공백대조5개위격급수고배경수체,연구투이양어대수체부영양화관건성인자담소적영향。결과표명,반가구수고시“부담”형수체차초태담함량점총담적70%좌우;시험기간수고수체화대조위격중총담、용해성총담화초태담농도현저고우투이위격,안담화과립태담농도칙저우투이급투이양어위격(p<0.05);여지투이위격상비,양식화련화리어균가현저성강저과립태담화총담농도,단양식화련혹리어위격총담、안담、초태담농도무현저성차이。시험결속후,포로위격중화련、리어,경과칭중화영양염함량분석,결과발현리어증중명현대우화련。가정단위질량어육함담량불수어체생장이개변,칙수획2#、3#화4#양어위격중적어거제적담분별점투방이료중담함량적3.31%、30.05%화21.18%,리어대어이이용효솔원고우화련。속문장토론위격시험중린소적변화。
In order to explore the effect of fish culturing on the nitrogen flux (one of the key factors of eu-trophication) in the Panjiakou Reservoir, a set of six enclosure experiments was carried out from August 18 to October 6 in 2009. One of the water samples was directly collected in the reservoir nearby the enclo-sures, and the other five with conditions varied respectively from addition fish food only, feeding just for bighead carp (Aristichthynovilis), feeding just for carp (Cyprinuscarpio), feeding for both bighead carp and carp,and the one did nothing as control plot. The results indicate that Panjiakou reservoir is a typical“ni-trogen-rich”water, and NO3--N (nitrate) is the main constituent and accounted for 70 percents. During the experimental period, the TN (total nitrogen), DTN (dissolved total nitrogen) and NO3--N concentra-tions in the enclosures with fish food only or with both fish food and fishes were significantly lower than those in the control enclosure and reservoir water. While for NH4+-N (ammonia) and PTN (particulate total nitrogen) concentrations it was converse (p<0.05). Presence of bighead carp and carp can reduce PTN and TN concentrations significantly, while insignificant differences in TN, NH4+-N and NO3--N concentra-tions were found between presence of bighead carp and presence of carp. Assumed that the nitrogen con-tent per gram fish was constant with the fish growing, harvesting fish can remove 3.31%, 30.05% and 21.18% nitrogen respectively in enclosures with feeding bighead carp, feeding carp, and feeding both, big-head carp and carp. Hence,carp is more powerful in removing nitrogen than bighead carp.