CAJ | 학술논문

为了揭示矿区土地利用结构的空间行为和迁移状况，以徐州城北矿区3期遥感数据为数据源，利用GIS空间分析技术，选取土地利用形状分维数、计盒维数、半径维数、分枝维数4个指标对3个时期（1978年、2000年和2011年）矿区土地利用结构的复杂程度、稳定程度、空间占比、衰减状况和相互渗透程度进行多角度分析。结果表明，矿区土地呈现明显的分形特征，由于煤炭资源的开采、复垦项目的实施和城市化进程的加快，各地类的分形特征均发生了不同程度的变化：5种土地利用类型中，水域和耕/园地受煤炭开采和复垦活动的扰动较大，形状分维数和分枝维数均呈现先增加后降低的趋势，而城镇/工矿用地受城市化进程的影响，形状分维数持续增大，趋于不稳定；由于煤炭资源的开采，占用了大量耕地，使原本规整的耕地变得支离破碎并形成零星的塌陷积水区，使耕/园地的计盒维数和半径维数降低，而由于复垦项目的实施，使得水域斑块面积增大，使水域的计盒维数和半径维数增大；相关分析结果表明4个指标中计盒维数与半径维数和形状分维数与分枝维数两两间存在较弱的相关性。综上所述，煤炭资源的开采、矿区土地复垦和城市化是区域土地利用分形特征与结构稳定变化的主要驱动因素。
위료게시광구토지이용결구적공간행위화천이상황，이서주성북광구3기요감수거위수거원，이용GIS공간분석기술，선취토지이용형상분유수、계합유수、반경유수、분지유수4개지표대3개시기（1978년、2000년화2011년）광구토지이용결구적복잡정도、은정정도、공간점비、쇠감상황화상호삼투정도진행다각도분석。결과표명，광구토지정현명현적분형특정，유우매탄자원적개채、복은항목적실시화성시화진정적가쾌，각지류적분형특정균발생료불동정도적변화：5충토지이용류형중，수역화경/완지수매탄개채화복은활동적우동교대，형상분유수화분지유수균정현선증가후강저적추세，이성진/공광용지수성시화진정적영향，형상분유수지속증대，추우불은정；유우매탄자원적개채，점용료대량경지，사원본규정적경지변득지리파쇄병형성령성적탑함적수구，사경/완지적계합유수화반경유수강저，이유우복은항목적실시，사득수역반괴면적증대，사수역적계합유수화반경유수증대；상관분석결과표명4개지표중계합유수여반경유수화형상분유수여분지유수량량간존재교약적상관성。종상소술，매탄자원적개채、광구토지복은화성시화시구역토지이용분형특정여결구은정변화적주요구동인소。
With the rapid development of economy and society, a series of ecological and environmental problems (e.g., land damage, surface subsidence, stagnant water and soil pollution) became increasingly serious in some mining area such as Xuzhou, Jiangsu province. In addition, resources shortage also becomes more and more severely. The land reclamation and ecological reconstruction might act as an important resolution in solving human-land conflict and improving ecological environment. However, the land use structures, and hence the fractal feature of land, are becoming more and more affected due to coal mining, land reclamation and urbanization. In order to reveal the spatial behavior and the dynamics of land use in the northern coal mining area in Xuzhou, three scenes of Landsat images were collected in the years of 1987, 2000 and 2011. Four fractal exponents (the patch shape fractal dimension, box-counting dimension, radius dimension and ramification dimension) were analyzed from several aspects. The complexity, stability, space occupation ratio, attenuation and mutual penetration were investigated by using GIS. The analysis results indicate that fractal features of land use are obviously in the coral mining area in Xuzhou city. On the other hand, the fractal features of different kinds of land use type have changed in the process of coal mining, land reclamation and urbanization. To be specific, both the patch shape, fractal dimension and the ramification dimension show the increasing trend firstly, and then decreasing, which is influenced by coal exploitation and land reclamation. The patch shape fractal dimension has been increasing and tends to be unstable, which is affected by the urban land development in the urban and mining areas;The box-counting dimension and the radius dimension in farmlands showed an increasing trend owing to fragmented landform and sporadic subside seeper area due to the coal exploitation. Additionally, the box-counting dimension and the radius dimension of the water area showed an increasing trend because of the increasing of the water patches’ area in the process of the land reclamation in coral mining area;In summary, the land reclamation and urbanization are the main driving factors of both the fractal features changing and structure stability in northern coal mining area in Xuzhou. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the reconstruction of ecological environment, improve the technical regulation for mine reclamation and establish ecological restoration strategy for achieving the sustainable development in some traditional coal mining areas.