CAJ | 학술논문

可溶性有机氮比较活跃，在氮素转化和生态环境安全方面都有重要作用。该文研究了长期不同施肥处理（不施肥、施有机肥、传统施氮、优化施氮和秸秆还田）对设施菜田土壤矿质氮和可溶性有机氮含量及其在剖面累积的影响。结果表明，设施菜田土壤0～180 cm可溶性有机氮含量范围为29.1～88.9 mg/kg，占可溶性总氮的27%～50%；与不施肥处理相比，有机肥和氮肥的施用显著增加土壤可溶性有机氮的含量，并且随着化肥氮投入的增加可溶性有机氮含量也相应增加；其中，有机肥处理比不施肥处理可溶性有机氮在0～180 cm土层累积增加了1132 kg/hm2，传统施氮比单施有机肥处理累计增加了1505 kg/hm2，秸秆的施用显著降低土壤无机氮累积量，但是对可溶性有机氮没有影响。综上所述，可溶性有机氮是设施菜田氮素重要的损失形态，其对环境的影响值得关注。
가용성유궤담비교활약，재담소전화화생태배경안전방면도유중요작용。해문연구료장기불동시비처리（불시비、시유궤비、전통시담、우화시담화갈간환전）대설시채전토양광질담화가용성유궤담함량급기재부면루적적영향。결과표명，설시채전토양0～180 cm가용성유궤담함량범위위29.1～88.9 mg/kg，점가용성총담적27%～50%；여불시비처리상비，유궤비화담비적시용현저증가토양가용성유궤담적함량，병차수착화비담투입적증가가용성유궤담함량야상응증가；기중，유궤비처리비불시비처리가용성유궤담재0～180 cm토층루적증가료1132 kg/hm2，전통시담비단시유궤비처리루계증가료1505 kg/hm2，갈간적시용현저강저토양무궤담루적량，단시대가용성유궤담몰유영향。종상소술，가용성유궤담시설시채전담소중요적손실형태，기대배경적영향치득관주。
Soil soluble organic nitrogen (SSON) is labile and plays an important role in the nitrogen transformation. Along-term experiment started in Shouguang, Shandong Province in 2004.Since 2011 we have begun the study about soil soluble organic nitrogen. The optional solar greenhouse built in 1999hadfive years continuous tomato planting prior to the trial, with double tomato cropping system (Winter-spring:February-June, Autumn-Winter: August-January next year). Tomato varieties were chosen by farmers with a planting density about 35000 plants/hm2. There four treatment groups for the test:none nitrogen (NN), organic manure nitrogen (MN), traditional nitrogen (CN), traditional nitrogen + wheat straw (CN+S), optimization nitrogen (SN), optimization nitrogen+wheat straw (SN+S).Alkaline persulfate oxidation-UV spectrophotometric method was selected to determine the soluble organic nitrogen in the soil and conventional method to soil inorganic nitrogen and otherindicators.The0-30 cm soil samples were taken at the end of each month and 0-180 cm of soil samples were taken at the end of every season after harvest. The results show that the surface soil soluble organic nitrogen ranges from 8.2 to 24.0 mg/kg, 15.0 to 55.3 mg/kg, 20.0 to 86.5 mg/kg, 40.7 to 101.9 mg/kg for NN, MN, CN+S and SN+S, respectively. The average soluble nitrogen levels for the four test groups are 16.4, 34.2, 47.4, 62.7 mg/kg The soluble nitrogen level in no nitrogen treatment group was significantly lower than the other three treatments. Compare to the no fertilization treatment, application of manure alone or combined with mineral nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased soil soluble organic nitrogen content, and a corresponding with the increase of mineral nitrogen fertilizer inputs. Organic fertilizer treatment increased SSON in the 0-180 cm by 1132 kg/hm2 than non-fertilizer treatments. The 0-180 cm soil layer SSON contents are in a order of CN>SN>MN > NN. With the traditional nitrogen treatments, the 0-180 cm soil layer SSON contents 69.0 mg/kg, 44%higher than NN. The 0-180 cm soluble organic nitrogen content in the range of 29.1 to 88.9 mg/kg comprises 27%to 50% of the total soluble total nitrogen. Compared with no fertilizer, organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased soil soluble organic nitrogen content and a corresponding with the increase in soluble organic nitrogen content of fertilizer nitrogen inputs. The accumulated SSON in the CN treatment significantly increased by 1505 kg/hm2. There is no significant difference for soil inorganic nitrogen accumulation from 0-90 cm and 90-180 cm. The cumulative amount SSON in90-180 cm soil layer reached 371, 1062, 1031 and 1121 kg/hm2 for the four test group accounting for 44%, 42%, 45% and 43% of SSON in 0-180 cm soil layer. Straw application significantly reduced the cumulative amount of soil inorganic nitrogen, but has no effect on soluble organic nitrogen. In general, soluble organic nitrogen content ranged between 7.8 to 88.9 mg/kg and for fertilization treatments in 90-180 cm soil layer SSON was up to 962.8 kg/hm2. Thus the soluble organic nitrogen is a major path of nitrogen loss in greenhouse. More attention is needed in the study of nitrogen fate.