农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2013年
20期
111-117
,共7页
吴家森%张金池%钱进芳%黄坚钦
吳傢森%張金池%錢進芳%黃堅欽
오가삼%장금지%전진방%황견흠
土壤%有机碳%微生物学%山核桃%生草%水溶性有机碳%微生物量碳%微生物功能多样性
土壤%有機碳%微生物學%山覈桃%生草%水溶性有機碳%微生物量碳%微生物功能多樣性
토양%유궤탄%미생물학%산핵도%생초%수용성유궤탄%미생물량탄%미생물공능다양성
soil%organic carbon%microbiology%Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg)%interplanting grass%water soluble organic carbon (WSOC)%microbial biomass carbon (MBC)%microbial functional diversity
山核桃(Carya cathayensis)是中国特有的高档干果和木本油料树种,但高强度经营导致林地土壤性质的改变,为了解生草对土壤的修复效果,在山核桃主产区设置了紫云英(Astragalus sinicus)、油菜(Brassica campestris)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne)和免耕4种处理,对土壤有机碳及微生物功能多样性进行分析。结果表明,不同生草栽培后,山核桃林地土壤总有机碳(total organic carbon,TOC)质量分数显著增加,与免耕相比,种植油菜、黑麦草、紫云英4 a后土壤TOC分别提高了23.12%,26.61%和24.74%,增加的组分以羰基碳为主,但并未改变土壤碳库的稳定性;同时也显著提高了林地土壤微生物量碳(microbial biomass carbon,MBC)和水溶性有机碳(water-soluble organic carbon,WSOC)的质量分数,MBC增加了138.61%~159.68,WSOC提高了56.24%~69.47%%。3种生草的土壤微生物活性(average well color development,AWCD)显著高于免耕,微生物多样性指数(Shannon index, H)和均匀度指数(evenness index, E)则表现为油菜、紫云英处理显著高于免耕。研究表明,生草栽培能有效提高林地土壤TOC质量分数和微生物功能多样性,为山核桃林地土壤修复和科学管理提供参考。
山覈桃(Carya cathayensis)是中國特有的高檔榦果和木本油料樹種,但高彊度經營導緻林地土壤性質的改變,為瞭解生草對土壤的脩複效果,在山覈桃主產區設置瞭紫雲英(Astragalus sinicus)、油菜(Brassica campestris)、黑麥草(Lolium perenne)和免耕4種處理,對土壤有機碳及微生物功能多樣性進行分析。結果錶明,不同生草栽培後,山覈桃林地土壤總有機碳(total organic carbon,TOC)質量分數顯著增加,與免耕相比,種植油菜、黑麥草、紫雲英4 a後土壤TOC分彆提高瞭23.12%,26.61%和24.74%,增加的組分以羰基碳為主,但併未改變土壤碳庫的穩定性;同時也顯著提高瞭林地土壤微生物量碳(microbial biomass carbon,MBC)和水溶性有機碳(water-soluble organic carbon,WSOC)的質量分數,MBC增加瞭138.61%~159.68,WSOC提高瞭56.24%~69.47%%。3種生草的土壤微生物活性(average well color development,AWCD)顯著高于免耕,微生物多樣性指數(Shannon index, H)和均勻度指數(evenness index, E)則錶現為油菜、紫雲英處理顯著高于免耕。研究錶明,生草栽培能有效提高林地土壤TOC質量分數和微生物功能多樣性,為山覈桃林地土壤脩複和科學管理提供參攷。
산핵도(Carya cathayensis)시중국특유적고당간과화목본유료수충,단고강도경영도치임지토양성질적개변,위료해생초대토양적수복효과,재산핵도주산구설치료자운영(Astragalus sinicus)、유채(Brassica campestris)、흑맥초(Lolium perenne)화면경4충처리,대토양유궤탄급미생물공능다양성진행분석。결과표명,불동생초재배후,산핵도임지토양총유궤탄(total organic carbon,TOC)질량분수현저증가,여면경상비,충식유채、흑맥초、자운영4 a후토양TOC분별제고료23.12%,26.61%화24.74%,증가적조분이탄기탄위주,단병미개변토양탄고적은정성;동시야현저제고료임지토양미생물량탄(microbial biomass carbon,MBC)화수용성유궤탄(water-soluble organic carbon,WSOC)적질량분수,MBC증가료138.61%~159.68,WSOC제고료56.24%~69.47%%。3충생초적토양미생물활성(average well color development,AWCD)현저고우면경,미생물다양성지수(Shannon index, H)화균균도지수(evenness index, E)칙표현위유채、자운영처리현저고우면경。연구표명,생초재배능유효제고임지토양TOC질량분수화미생물공능다양성,위산핵도임지토양수복화과학관리제공삼고。
Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg) is a unique tree species with seeds used for high-grade oil production. It is mainly distributed in northeastern China and is in high abundance on Tianmu Mountain, located at the junction of Zhejiang and Anhui provinces. Intensive management, including heavy application of chemical fertilizer and long-term application of herbicides, has resulted in serious soil loss and degradation. To evaluate the potential of sod-culture to improve soil fertility and microbial activities of Carya cathayensis forest land, we conducted a field intercropping experiment using four treatments:Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.), rape (Brassica campestris L.), ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and a no-tillage control. We compared the response of various components of total organic carbon (TOC) and microbial community functional diversity in each treatment. We found that interplanting rape, ryegrass, and Chinese milk vetch increased TOC contents by 23.12%, 26.61%, and 24.74%(P<0.05) compared with clean tillage, while there were no significant differences in TOC contents among the grass intercropping plots. After intercropping grasses for 4 years, the concentrations of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in the plots of intercropping rape, ryegrass, and Chinese milk vetch were increased by 138.61%, 159.68%, and 144.24%respectively. The concentrations of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in the plots of intercropping rape, ryegrass, and Chinese milk vetch were increased by 56.24%, 69.47%, and 66.05% respectively. There were no significant differences in MBC or WSOC concentrations among the intercropping treatments. The three interplantings increased soil carbonyl C by 29.9%-36.9% (P<0.05), and decreased alkyl C, O-alkyl C and aromatic C by 10.0%-16.4%, 18.9%-20.9%, and 10.5%-16.6%, as compared with clean tillage (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the increase in soil carbonyl C and the decreases in alkyl C, O-alkyl C, and aromatic C among the treatments of intercropping grass. The ratios of aliphatic C/aromatic C, hydrophilic C/hydrophobic C, and aromaticity in soil under Chinese hickory were not affected by intercropping grasses. Interplanting grasses markedly improved microbial community functional diversity. The soil microbial activity (AWCD) values of the three intercropping treatments were much higher than the no-tillage treatment (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in the soil AWCD values among intercropping grasses treatments. The microbial diversity indexes (H) and evenness index(E) in the treatments of rape and Chinese milk vetch were much greater than the treatment of no-tillage (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the ryegrass and no-tillage treatments. The results of this study demonstrated that sod cultivation is an effective soil management practice that improves soil quality and eliminates the detrimental effects of clean tillage in Chinese hickory production.