农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2013年
21期
50-59
,共10页
张洪程%朱聪聪%霍中洋%许轲%蒋晓鸿%陈厚存%高尚勤%李德剑%赵成美%戴其根%魏海燕%郭保卫
張洪程%硃聰聰%霍中洋%許軻%蔣曉鴻%陳厚存%高尚勤%李德劍%趙成美%戴其根%魏海燕%郭保衛
장홍정%주총총%곽중양%허가%장효홍%진후존%고상근%리덕검%조성미%대기근%위해연%곽보위
作物%生理%生态%水稻%钵苗机插%增产优势
作物%生理%生態%水稻%缽苗機插%增產優勢
작물%생리%생태%수도%발묘궤삽%증산우세
crops%physiology%ecology%rice%nutrition bowl mechanical-transplanting%advantages of yield increase
为研究钵苗机插水稻产量形成优势及生理生态特点，在长江中下游不同生态区选用当地大面积种植的代表性品种淮稻8号、甬尤8号、常优5号、皖稻68、镇稻11、武运粳24为材料，设置钵苗机插高产示范田和专题对比小区试验，并以常规盘育毯苗机插为对照（CK），就产量及其结构、群体生长发育动态各项指标进行系统比较。结果表明，与水稻毯状小苗机插相比，机插钵苗秧苗素质高，活棵发苗快，高峰苗数较小，成穗率高7个百分点；钵苗机插水稻生育中、后期群体生长率和净同化率相对较高，其中抽穗至成熟期群体生长率高出8.7%~15.1%。抽穗后群体光合势、干物质积累等光合物质生产指标均显著或极显著高于毯苗机插，其中抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量增加8.7%；钵苗机插水稻抽穗后根系活力各项指标均较优，乳熟期颖花根活量提高14.2%，且抗倒伏能力较强，基部节间倒伏指数小7%～16.8%。钵苗机插水稻具有显著的增产优势，比毯苗机插增产6.0%～12.6%，其产量形成优势的主要特征是“穗大粒多”。
為研究缽苗機插水稻產量形成優勢及生理生態特點，在長江中下遊不同生態區選用噹地大麵積種植的代錶性品種淮稻8號、甬尤8號、常優5號、皖稻68、鎮稻11、武運粳24為材料，設置缽苗機插高產示範田和專題對比小區試驗，併以常規盤育毯苗機插為對照（CK），就產量及其結構、群體生長髮育動態各項指標進行繫統比較。結果錶明，與水稻毯狀小苗機插相比，機插缽苗秧苗素質高，活棵髮苗快，高峰苗數較小，成穗率高7箇百分點；缽苗機插水稻生育中、後期群體生長率和淨同化率相對較高，其中抽穗至成熟期群體生長率高齣8.7%~15.1%。抽穗後群體光閤勢、榦物質積纍等光閤物質生產指標均顯著或極顯著高于毯苗機插，其中抽穗至成熟期榦物質積纍量增加8.7%；缽苗機插水稻抽穗後根繫活力各項指標均較優，乳熟期穎花根活量提高14.2%，且抗倒伏能力較彊，基部節間倒伏指數小7%～16.8%。缽苗機插水稻具有顯著的增產優勢，比毯苗機插增產6.0%～12.6%，其產量形成優勢的主要特徵是“穗大粒多”。
위연구발묘궤삽수도산량형성우세급생리생태특점，재장강중하유불동생태구선용당지대면적충식적대표성품충회도8호、용우8호、상우5호、환도68、진도11、무운갱24위재료，설치발묘궤삽고산시범전화전제대비소구시험，병이상규반육담묘궤삽위대조（CK），취산량급기결구、군체생장발육동태각항지표진행계통비교。결과표명，여수도담상소묘궤삽상비，궤삽발묘앙묘소질고，활과발묘쾌，고봉묘수교소，성수솔고7개백분점；발묘궤삽수도생육중、후기군체생장솔화정동화솔상대교고，기중추수지성숙기군체생장솔고출8.7%~15.1%。추수후군체광합세、간물질적루등광합물질생산지표균현저혹겁현저고우담묘궤삽，기중추수지성숙기간물질적루량증가8.7%；발묘궤삽수도추수후근계활력각항지표균교우，유숙기영화근활량제고14.2%，차항도복능력교강，기부절간도복지수소7%～16.8%。발묘궤삽수도구유현저적증산우세，비담묘궤삽증산6.0%～12.6%，기산량형성우세적주요특정시“수대립다”。
In different ecological regions of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, representative cultivars which were widely planted in the local areas were used as the materials by setting the high-yield demonstration field and special plot comparison test of bowl seedling mechanical-transplanting, with conventional blanket seedling mechanical-transplanting for CK. The yield and its structure, various indicators of population growth, and development dynamic under two kinds of mechanical-transplanting methods were compared systematically, in order to study the advantages of yield formation and physiological and ecological characteristics of bowl seedling mechanical-transplanting rice. The results showed that, comparing with blanket seedling mechanical-transplanting, bowl seedling mechanical-transplanting stopped growing in the first week after transplanting. The averaged daily increment of the height of a seedling, leaf area, dry matter, and root traits of bowl seeding mechanical-transplanting in the second week after transplanting were all significantly better than the CK from beginning to end. The procedure of establishment and sprouting of bowl seedling mechanical-transplanting rice came earlier, of which the maximum number of stems and tillers were less and the dynamic change of stems and tills presented the characteristics of rising steadily and dropping slowly, as well as the ratio of productive tillers to total tillers being 9.3% higher than that of CK. The leaf area of bowl seeding mechanical-transplanting rice degraded more slowly after heading, of which the effective leaf area index and the efficient leaf area index were 2.0%, 2.5% higher respectively. In addition, the photosynthetic potential and net assimilation rate were relatively higher than that of CK. The growth rate of population and the amount of accumulation of bowl seeding mechanical-transplanting rice were both significantly higher than that of blanket seedling mechanical-transplanting rice from heading to maturity stage. The bowl seedling mechanical-transplanting rice still not only kept the root activity rather higher in the late period of rice growth, but also the lodging index of basal internodes was slightly lower so its lodging resistant capability was stronger, compared with the blanket seedling mechanical-transplanting rice. The comparison test from 2011 to 2012 under different ecological regions show that bowl seedling mechanical-transplanting rice had an approximately 6.0 to 12.6 percent higher yield than blanket seedling mechanical-transplanting rice, possessing a significant advantage of increasing yield. The average percentage of increased output at all the experimental sites was significantly improved by 9.0%. The main advantage of yield formation for it was large panicles with more grains:There exists no significant difference among the two mechanical-transplanting methods in terms of filled-grain percentage and 1000-grain weight. While the bowl seedling mechanical-transplanting rice had slightly lower number of panicle, it had more spikelets per panicle. Consequently, due to the above factors, they commonly promoted increased yield.
