CAJ | 학술논문

为有效适应各季节玉米秸秆的皮穰分离加工及确定玉米秸秆皮穰分离机的运行参数，该文针对作者所设计的玉米秸秆皮穰分离机，在已经结构参数优化的基础上，又对除叶机构与剥穰机构进行了运行试验研究。通过多因素正交旋转组合试验确定除叶机构与剥穰机构的关键运行参数，结果表明：影响除叶率的显著因素是U型齿板底宽和秸秆喂入速度，齿辊转速有影响但不显著；影响剥穰率的主要因素及其顺序为秸秆喂入速度、剥穰辊转速、剥穰刀与支撑板间距。并通过综合已有研究及样机试验结果，确定主要运行参数为秸秆喂入速度1.2～1.3 m/s，除叶齿辊旋转线速度大于5 m/s，剥穰辊旋转线速度大于5.8 m/s时，该分离机对各季节玉米秸秆进行皮穰分离加工的适用性较好，且其生产率大于0.5 t/h，除叶率大于97.6%，剥穰率大于95.7%。
위유효괄응각계절옥미갈간적피양분리가공급학정옥미갈간피양분리궤적운행삼수，해문침대작자소설계적옥미갈간피양분리궤，재이경결구삼수우화적기출상，우대제협궤구여박양궤구진행료운행시험연구。통과다인소정교선전조합시험학정제협궤구여박양궤구적관건운행삼수，결과표명：영향제협솔적현저인소시U형치판저관화갈간위입속도，치곤전속유영향단불현저；영향박양솔적주요인소급기순서위갈간위입속도、박양곤전속、박양도여지탱판간거。병통과종합이유연구급양궤시험결과，학정주요운행삼수위갈간위입속도1.2～1.3 m/s，제협치곤선전선속도대우5 m/s，박양곤선전선속도대우5.8 m/s시，해분리궤대각계절옥미갈간진행피양분리가공적괄용성교호，차기생산솔대우0.5 t/h，제협솔대우97.6%，박양솔대우95.7%。
With the development of agriculture in China, the total annual production of straw is over 700 million tons, including more than 200 million tons of corn stalk. In general, corn stalk was utilized as the common domestic fuel and livestock feed, and the remaining straw was burned in fields in the past, which led to waste of resources and pollution of environment. With economic development, technological progress, and the growing demand for resources (including energy resources), valuable utilization of corn stalk is emphasized at home and abroad, such as separately using rind, pith and leaves to achieve maximum value according to their different chemical compositions. Therefore, rind-pith separation equipment for corn stalk has been developed in China. So far, the separating quality, adaptability, operational reliability and productive efficiency of rind-pith separation equipment for corn stalk are still low. Further research is needed, including deeply researching and developing the key mechanisms for rind-pith separation equipment. <br> For effective separation of the rind and pith of a variety of corn stalk (especially corn stalk with a high moisture content obtained in the corn harvesting season) and determination of the operation parameters of rind-pith separation equipment, a leaf-stripping mechanism and pith-stripping mechanism of rind-pith separation equipment for corn stalk had been experimented on. By preliminary experiments and analysis, two stages of leaf-stripping technology of blasting, stripping and rubbing had been used and conformed. Key parameters of leaf-stripping mechanism and the pith-stripping mechanism had been determined by multi-factor orthogonal rotation combination experiments. By an analysis of the experiments for the leaf-stripping mechanism, the significant factor was the bottom width of the U groove plate and the feeding speed for corn stalk with the third significant factor being, the rotation speed of the leaf-stripping roll. For the pith-stripping mechanism, the most significant factor was the feeding speed for the corn stalk, the second significant factor was the rotation speed of the pith-stripping roll, and the third significant factor was the clearance between the pith-stripping blade and supporting plate. By a comprehensive analysis of the existing experimental results, the main movement parameters of rind-pith separation equipment for corn stalk were as following:feeding speed for corn stalk 1.2~1.3 m/s, rotation linear speed of leaf-stripping roll more than 5 m/s, rotation linear speed of the pith-stripping roll more than 5.8m/s. <br> Based on the optimization parameters of the above experiments, the four-pass rind-pith separation equipment for corn stalk was designed. The separation equipment was mainly composed of a feeding mechanism (including a feeding table and feeding roll), two leaf-stripping mechanisms, an opening and flattening mechanism (mainly cutting, opening and flattening corn stalk), a pith-stripping mechanism, and an output mechanism (mainly transportation rind out of the equipment). By experiments, the separation equipment was found to be practical to separate corn stalk from about ten percent moisture content to about seventy percent moisture content. Then, the separation equipment was examined and tested, and overall productivity was more than 0.5 t/h according to corn stalk with about twelve percent moisture content, the leaf-stripping percent was more than ninety-seven point six percent, and the pith-stripping percent was more than ninety-five point seven percent. The above results could be served as a guide for the designing and optimizing of rind-pith separation equipment for corn stalk.