CAJ | 학술논문

为了解决油菜割晒作业输送铺放难题，研制了油菜割晒机拨指输送链式输送装置，可以实现油菜割晒输送、铺放作业。该研究对拨指输送链式输送装置进行了结构设计，在排禾口处，在保证拨指运动不干涉的条件下，控制拨指回缩的轨道应尽量前伸，以保证在排禾口处拨指一直对油菜茎秆有拨动输送作用。在分析拨禾轮对油菜植株作用过程以及对已割油菜茎秆推送作用的基础上，给出了油菜割晒作业顺利输送时输送装置、拨禾轮、割刀三者之间水平与垂直安装距离以及输送装置安装倾角。拨禾轮中心与割刀的水平距离调节范围应为0～276 mm，割刀和输送装置前端之间的水平距离应根据油菜茎秆高度而定，一般不超过300 mm。拨禾轮中心的高度应大于1100 mm，高度可调。输送装置前端与割刀的垂直距离应小于125 mm。输送装置安装倾角10°～20°。分析了拨指运动轨迹方程，对输送带上油菜茎秆进行了受力分析。给出了油菜茎秆顺利输送铺放时机器前进速度、输送带速度、拨禾轮转速之间的相互关系。拨禾轮圆周线速度与机器前进速度的比值控制在1.1～1.5，输送带速度与前进速度的比值控制在3.2～5.0。田间试验表明，该输送铺放装置性能稳定，作业顺畅，油菜割晒作业总损失率≤0.85%，油菜茎秆铺放角≤32°，铺放角度差≤25°，铺放质量达到要求。
위료해결유채할쇄작업수송포방난제，연제료유채할쇄궤발지수송련식수송장치，가이실현유채할쇄수송、포방작업。해연구대발지수송련식수송장치진행료결구설계，재배화구처，재보증발지운동불간섭적조건하，공제발지회축적궤도응진량전신，이보증재배화구처발지일직대유채경간유발동수송작용。재분석발화륜대유채식주작용과정이급대이할유채경간추송작용적기출상，급출료유채할쇄작업순리수송시수송장치、발화륜、할도삼자지간수평여수직안장거리이급수송장치안장경각。발화륜중심여할도적수평거리조절범위응위0～276 mm，할도화수송장치전단지간적수평거리응근거유채경간고도이정，일반불초과300 mm。발화륜중심적고도응대우1100 mm，고도가조。수송장치전단여할도적수직거리응소우125 mm。수송장치안장경각10°～20°。분석료발지운동궤적방정，대수송대상유채경간진행료수력분석。급출료유채경간순리수송포방시궤기전진속도、수송대속도、발화륜전속지간적상호관계。발화륜원주선속도여궤기전진속도적비치공제재1.1～1.5，수송대속도여전진속도적비치공제재3.2～5.0。전간시험표명，해수송포방장치성능은정，작업순창，유채할쇄작업총손실솔≤0.85%，유채경간포방각≤32°，포방각도차≤25°，포방질량체도요구。
The rape plant area is the largest in oil-bearing crops in China, and accounts for a quarter of the total rape plant population in the world. However, the uneven maturity of this rape limits the development of rape harvest mechanization. Rape partition harvest technology is composed of windrowing technology and collecting threshing technology. The rape plant is cut in the first stage, maturity. Maturity consistency and plant type are not important in the rape windrowing operation. It has the advantage of strong adaptability and a long harvest time. So rape partition harvest technology has an extensive market foreground and utility value. Windrowing technology is a difficulty in rape partition harvest technology. How to solve the problems of windrowing and transportation are the main and most difficult points in the process of designing a windrower. Focusing on the problem of windrowing and transporting in rape windrowing, a rape windrower with a vertical cutter, level cutter, machine frame, poke finger conveyor chain, driveline component, interface component, and reel device was designed. This machine was hitched with a combine chassis with functions of cutting, transporting, and windrowing. A transportation device was composed of 4 strips on a rotation poke finger conveyor chain;the poke finger conveyor chain was installed in chains. The poke finger was articulated on the chain, so it could stick out and retract while controlled by a guide in locked position. Rape plant on the transportation device was transported to an outlet by the exsertion poke finger, It was windrowed in the field when the poke finger was retracted in the outlet. The requirements of the outlet structure design were given in this paper. Based on analysis of the action process of reel and rape plants, parameters of expression of level and vertical distance between reel and cutter were established, and correlation between the installation angle of the transportation part and push angle of the reel was given. The level distance between the reel and cutter was determined by the rape growth density. As the value of 500mm for reel radius, 1-1.2 forλ, level distance between reel and cutter could be adjusted from 0 to 276mm. In this machine, the distance was 140mm,and it could be adjusted to 120mm or 160mm. The level distance between the transportation device’s front end and the cutter was determined by the rape plant height. It was generally less than 300mm. The height of the reel center was more than 1100mm.It could be adjusted by a hydraulic mechanism. The vertical distance between the transportation device’s front end and the cutter was less than 125 mm, otherwise the accumulation rape plant on the cutter would be transported. The assemble angle of the transportation device was from 10°to 20o. The angle which was too large or too small was unfavorable to rape plant windrowing. The poke finger movement locus equation, force analysis of rape plants on the conveyor chain, and structure design requirements of the outlet were given. The correlation between windrow quality and speed, the transporting device parameter, and windrow factor was given. The ratio of the reel pad peripheral speed and machine moving speed should be chosen in the range of 1.1-1.5. The ratio of the conveyor belt speed and the machine moving speed should be chosen in the range of 3.2-5.0.The results of a field test showed that the rape windrower worked stably and well. Rape characteristics in the experiment were listed as follows:plant height 172.1 cm, main stem diameter 14.7mm, first branch number 10, first branch height 20.7cm, the largest canopy diameter 121.1cm, the largest canopy height 130.2cm, productivity per plant 50.98g, yield 2170kg/hm2, stem moisture content 65.8%, and grain moisture content 21.3%.The checked indexes were listed as follows:cutting width 1.80m, cutting height 0.19 m, windrowing height 0.86m, windrowing width 1.83m, windrowing angle ≤32°, windrowing angle difference ≤25°, loss percent ≤0.8%, working speed 0.65 m/s, and productivity 0.5 hm2/h. All the checking indexes reached or exceeded the design technical requirements.