CAJ | 학술논문

为了研究幼龄苹果(Malus pumila)×大豆(Glycine max)间作系统中土壤水分、养分的空间分布特征及其对大豆生长和产量的影响，选取晋西黄土地区具有典型代表性的幼龄苹果×大豆间作模式作为研究对象，对苹果×大豆间作系统及大豆单作系统（对照）的土壤水分、养分含量进行了定位监测。结果表明：（1）在垂直方向上，土壤水分含量随着土壤深度的增加而逐渐增加，土壤养分含量随着土壤深度的增加而逐渐减小；（2）在水平方向上，随着与树行距离的增加，土壤水分含量呈现递增的分布特征，土壤养分含量呈现高低高的分布特征；（3）与大豆单作系统相比，间作系统的土壤水分、养分含量出现不同程度的降低，整体上均表现为负效应；（4）苹果×大豆间作系统中苹果树与大豆间的土壤水分、养分竞争对大豆植株生长发育造成了较大影响，土壤水分含量、速效磷含量和全氮含量是影响大豆产量的主要因素，影响的主要区域在苹果树行两侧1.5 m的范围内；（5）建议采取适当的调控和管理措施缓解种间水肥竞争提高大豆的产量，以获取更多的经济收益。
위료연구유령평과(Malus pumila)×대두(Glycine max)간작계통중토양수분、양분적공간분포특정급기대대두생장화산량적영향，선취진서황토지구구유전형대표성적유령평과×대두간작모식작위연구대상，대평과×대두간작계통급대두단작계통（대조）적토양수분、양분함량진행료정위감측。결과표명：（1）재수직방향상，토양수분함량수착토양심도적증가이축점증가，토양양분함량수착토양심도적증가이축점감소；（2）재수평방향상，수착여수행거리적증가，토양수분함량정현체증적분포특정，토양양분함량정현고저고적분포특정；（3）여대두단작계통상비，간작계통적토양수분、양분함량출현불동정도적강저，정체상균표현위부효응；（4）평과×대두간작계통중평과수여대두간적토양수분、양분경쟁대대두식주생장발육조성료교대영향，토양수분함량、속효린함량화전담함량시영향대두산량적주요인소，영향적주요구역재평과수행량측1.5 m적범위내；（5）건의채취괄당적조공화관리조시완해충간수비경쟁제고대두적산량，이획취경다적경제수익。
In order to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of soil moisture and soil nutrients in young apple (Malus pumila)-soybean (Glycine max) intercropping system and its influence on soybean growth and yield, young apple-soybean intercropping pattern which was typical and representative in loess region of west Shanxi Province was studied and soil moisture and soil nutrients in apple-soybean intercropping system and soybean monoculture system were monitored separately for comparison. The results showed that: (1) in vertical direction, with the increase of soil depth, soil moisture increased while soil nutrients decreased; (2) in horizontal direction, with the increase of distance between crops and trees, soil moisture increased while the distribution of soil nutrients was high-low-high; (3) compared with soybean monoculture system, soil moisture and soil nutrients in intercropping system were both lower. It had negative effect in general; (4) the competition for soil moisture and soil nutrients between apple tree and soybean in apple-soybean intercropping system had a great influence on soybean growth. Soil moisture content, available phosphorus content and total nitrogen content were main factors influencing soybean yield and the range of main influence scope were 1.5 m from the apple tree; (5) in order to achieve more economic benefits, appropriate regulation and management measures should be taken to alleviate competition for soil moisture and soil nutrients between species and to increase soybean yield.