CAJ | 학술논문

为明确夏玉米的耗水特性，于2009年度在人工遮雨棚内进行盆栽试验，研究了土壤含水量对玉米生长发育的影响。在2010年玉米生长季降水量为446.2 mm的条件下，采用不同灌水量处理（试验共设3个处理，雨养：W0，全生育期不灌水；调亏灌溉：W1，保持田间土壤相对含水量为80%；大水漫灌：W2），研究了夏玉米的田间耗水特性和干物质积累与分配规律。结果表明，2009年盆栽条件下，80%的土壤含水量有利于干物质的积累和籽粒产量的形成，可获得170.76 g/株的籽粒产量。2010年田间试验表明，W0、W1、W2处理干物质积累量分别为：310.83、321.5、325.59 g/株，产量分别为：9255.85、9747.29、9635.72 kg/hm2。与W0相比，灌水处理显著提高了夏玉米的干物质积累量和籽粒产量。2灌水处理间比较发现，W1处理获得了高的籽粒产量，水分利用效率显著亦高于 W2处理，其水分利用效率分别为21.47、19.39 kg/(hm2·mm)。随灌水量的增加，夏玉米的干物质积累量显著提高，但是灌水量过多显著减少光合产物向籽粒的分配，使产量降低。夏玉米全生育期耗水量显著随灌水量增加增大，耗水强度提高。在自然降雨量为446.2 mm条件下，雨养处理耗水量最低，水分利用效率高于灌水处理，但其穗粒数和千粒重较低，最终获得籽粒产量低于2灌水处理。综合考虑夏玉米的籽粒产量和水分利用效率，在本试验条件下，以保持田间含水量为80%的灌溉量为最优。
위명학하옥미적모수특성，우2009년도재인공차우붕내진행분재시험，연구료토양함수량대옥미생장발육적영향。재2010년옥미생장계강수량위446.2 mm적조건하，채용불동관수량처리（시험공설3개처리，우양：W0，전생육기불관수；조우관개：W1，보지전간토양상대함수량위80%；대수만관：W2），연구료하옥미적전간모수특성화간물질적루여분배규률。결과표명，2009년분재조건하，80%적토양함수량유리우간물질적적루화자립산량적형성，가획득170.76 g/주적자립산량。2010년전간시험표명，W0、W1、W2처리간물질적루량분별위：310.83、321.5、325.59 g/주，산량분별위：9255.85、9747.29、9635.72 kg/hm2。여W0상비，관수처리현저제고료하옥미적간물질적루량화자립산량。2관수처리간비교발현，W1처리획득료고적자립산량，수분이용효솔현저역고우 W2처리，기수분이용효솔분별위21.47、19.39 kg/(hm2·mm)。수관수량적증가，하옥미적간물질적루량현저제고，단시관수량과다현저감소광합산물향자립적분배，사산량강저。하옥미전생육기모수량현저수관수량증가증대，모수강도제고。재자연강우량위446.2 mm조건하，우양처리모수량최저，수분이용효솔고우관수처리，단기수립수화천립중교저，최종획득자립산량저우2관수처리。종합고필하옥미적자립산량화수분이용효솔，재본시험조건하，이보지전간함수량위80%적관개량위최우。
Water resource deficiency is one of major problems in maize (Zea mays) production in North Plain of China. In this study, five soil water amount treatments (T1: 90%-100%; T2: 80%-90%; T3: 70%-80%; T4:60%-70%; T5: 50%-60%) were used under rain sheltered pot-cultivated cultivation in 2009 growing seasons. The results showed that, the yield and the dry matter accumulation of were the highest at 80% soil water amount treatments. In this study, three irrigation treatments (W0: rain-fed; W1: soil water amount were 80%;W2: flooding) were used under high yielding cultivation in 2010 growing seasons (with precipitations of 446.2 mm) to reveal the effects of irrigation amount on water consumption characteristics and dry matter accumulations in various organs. The results showed that, the yield of W0, W1, W2 were 9255.85, 9747.29, 9635.72 kg/hm2 respectively, and W1 and W2 were higher than W0. The yield of treatment W1 was the Water resource deficiency is one of major problems in maize (Zea mays) production in North Plain of China. In this study, five soil water amount treatments (T1: 90%-100%; T2: 80%-90%; T3: 70%-80%; T4:60%-70%; T5: 50%-60%) were used under rain sheltered pot-cultivated cultivation in 2009 growing seasons. The results showed that, the yield and the dry matter accumulation of were the highest at 80% soil water amount treatments. In this study, three irrigation treatments (W0: rain-fed; W1: soil water amount were 80%;W2: flooding) were used under high yielding cultivation in 2010 growing seasons (with precipitations of 446.2 mm) to reveal the effects of irrigation amount on water consumption characteristics and dry matter accumulations in various organs. The results showed that, the yield of W0, W1, W2 were 9255.85, 9747.29, 9635.72 kg/hm2 respectively, and W1 and W2 were higher than W0. The yield of treatment W1 was the highest. The WUE of treatment W1 was significantly higher than that of W2, 21.47, 19.39 kg/(hm2·mm) respectively. The dry matter accumulation amount of W0, W1, W2 were 310.83, 321.5, 325.59 g/plant respectively. Compared with treatment W1, dry matter accumulation amount of W2 treatment was higher, but the contribution of that to grains was lower. So the grain yield of W1 was higher than that of W2. When the precipitation was 446.2 mm from sowing to maturity, although W0 got the lowest total consumption and the highest WUE, the grain number of ear and grain weight were lower than W1 and W2. We can see that irrigation plays an important role to obtain high grain yield and quality. In this paper, based on comprehensive consideration of grain yield and total consumption, optimal irrigation method was to maintain 80% soil water amount.