大地构造与成矿学
大地構造與成礦學
대지구조여성광학
GETECTONICA ET METALLOGENIA
2014年
3期
580-589
,共10页
碳酸盐岩%变形带%分类%高渗透%储层
碳痠鹽巖%變形帶%分類%高滲透%儲層
탄산염암%변형대%분류%고삼투%저층
carbonate%deformation band%classification%high permeability%reservoir
深入了解变形带的差异性对碳酸盐岩储层渗流作用与油气勘探开发研究具有重要意义。通过野外露头、井下岩心的宏观与微观特征分析，发现塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩变形带发育，存在压实变形带、剪切变形带和膨胀变形带等3类成因变形带。根据变形带的发育演化特征可以进一步划分为8种类型：压实变形带又可分为解聚压实变形带、碎裂压实变形带和压溶压实变形带3种类型；解聚剪切变形带、碎裂剪切变形带和胶结剪切变形带则是3种常见的剪切变形带；膨胀变形带包括碎裂膨胀变形带和胶结膨胀变形带。不同类型变形带特征各异，以解聚压实变形带与碎裂剪切变形带最发育，各类变形带呈现从解聚型向剪切型和胶结型演变的趋势。不同于碎屑岩变形带渗透性急剧降低，塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩变形带的物性与围岩差别较小，不同次级类型变形带渗流特征不同，局部孔隙发育，并影响油气储层非均质性。受控于溶蚀、破裂与白云石化等三种后期改造作用，塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩发育高渗透变形带，可能形成有效渗流通道。
深入瞭解變形帶的差異性對碳痠鹽巖儲層滲流作用與油氣勘探開髮研究具有重要意義。通過野外露頭、井下巖心的宏觀與微觀特徵分析，髮現塔裏木盆地下古生界碳痠鹽巖變形帶髮育，存在壓實變形帶、剪切變形帶和膨脹變形帶等3類成因變形帶。根據變形帶的髮育縯化特徵可以進一步劃分為8種類型：壓實變形帶又可分為解聚壓實變形帶、碎裂壓實變形帶和壓溶壓實變形帶3種類型；解聚剪切變形帶、碎裂剪切變形帶和膠結剪切變形帶則是3種常見的剪切變形帶；膨脹變形帶包括碎裂膨脹變形帶和膠結膨脹變形帶。不同類型變形帶特徵各異，以解聚壓實變形帶與碎裂剪切變形帶最髮育，各類變形帶呈現從解聚型嚮剪切型和膠結型縯變的趨勢。不同于碎屑巖變形帶滲透性急劇降低，塔裏木盆地碳痠鹽巖變形帶的物性與圍巖差彆較小，不同次級類型變形帶滲流特徵不同，跼部孔隙髮育，併影響油氣儲層非均質性。受控于溶蝕、破裂與白雲石化等三種後期改造作用，塔裏木盆地下古生界碳痠鹽巖髮育高滲透變形帶，可能形成有效滲流通道。
심입료해변형대적차이성대탄산염암저층삼류작용여유기감탐개발연구구유중요의의。통과야외로두、정하암심적굉관여미관특정분석，발현탑리목분지하고생계탄산염암변형대발육，존재압실변형대、전절변형대화팽창변형대등3류성인변형대。근거변형대적발육연화특정가이진일보화분위8충류형：압실변형대우가분위해취압실변형대、쇄렬압실변형대화압용압실변형대3충류형；해취전절변형대、쇄렬전절변형대화효결전절변형대칙시3충상견적전절변형대；팽창변형대포괄쇄렬팽창변형대화효결팽창변형대。불동류형변형대특정각이，이해취압실변형대여쇄렬전절변형대최발육，각류변형대정현종해취형향전절형화효결형연변적추세。불동우쇄설암변형대삼투성급극강저，탑리목분지탄산염암변형대적물성여위암차별교소，불동차급류형변형대삼류특정불동，국부공극발육，병영향유기저층비균질성。수공우용식、파렬여백운석화등삼충후기개조작용，탑리목분지하고생계탄산염암발육고삼투변형대，가능형성유효삼류통도。
The insight of the differentiation between sandstone and carbonate deformation bands is significant to seepage effect and production dynamic monitoring in hydrocarbon reservoirs. Based on the macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks from the outcrops and wells in the Tarim basin, we found that deformation bands can be divided into 3 types by mechanism and 8 subtypes by kinematics. The compaction band can be subdivided into disaggregation, cataclastic and pressolution compaction band. There are various shear bands including disaggregation shear band, cataclastic shear band and cementation shear band. Cataclastic and cementation bands of subtypes can be found in dilation bands. Except for different features in subtype deformation bands and well-developed disaggregated compactional bands and cataclastic shear bands, the evolution characteristics of them indicated that they all evolved from a disaggregation subtype to a cataclastic subtype, then to a dissolution and cementation subtype. In contrast with their strongly lowering permeability of sandstones, the deformation bands did not cause significant petrophysical property changes of the lower Paleozoic carbonate in the Tarim basin. Although the permeability reduced in the early deformation stage, there is not much difference of permeability between deformation bands and host rocks by long-term diagenesis and polytype permeability increase effects. There are local high porous zones developed in shear deformation bands as well as some other kind deformation bands, which influence the reservoir heterogeneity to some extent. In spite of the permeability reduction in most deformation bands with different effect on fluid flow, it is demonstrated that there are some high permeability deformation bands in the lower Paleozoic carbonate in the Tarim basin. The structural diagenesis of dissolution, fracturing and dolomization resulted in the effective reservoirs and efficient seepage channels of some local deformation bands, the cataclastic shear bands in particular, which is obvious different from that in the Meso-Cenozoic reservoirs.
