热带地理
熱帶地理
열대지리
TROPICAL GEOGRAPHY
2013年
4期
420-428
,共9页
城市商业银行%农村商业银行%总行%异地分行%体制改革%空间分布
城市商業銀行%農村商業銀行%總行%異地分行%體製改革%空間分佈
성시상업은행%농촌상업은행%총행%이지분행%체제개혁%공간분포
city commercial banks%rural commercial banks%head office%remote branches%spatial distribution
20世纪90年代以来，中国银行体制改革催生了以城市商业银行和农村商业银行为代表的地方银行，它们以中小企业和城乡居民为主要服务对象，弥补了全国性商业银行的市场空缺，在我国金融体系中发挥着日益重要的作用。对银行体制改革的分析发现，城市商业银行和农村商业银行从仅限于单一地区经营，到放开地域经营限制，允许跨区域设立分行后，两银行机构网点的数量呈现出快速增长趋势，其网点的地理分布在改革前后发生了较大变化。将两银行与全国性商业银行的网点分布进行对比发现，其总行布局与地方经济发展刺激下的金融需求有着更为密切的联系；两银行跨区域设立异地分行的区位选择具有较大差别：城市商业银行优先选择发达地区，而后采取全国性战略布局和区域性梯度式布局两种模式扩张；农村商业银行则优先考虑欠发达地区，然后主要以区域内跳跃式扩张。
20世紀90年代以來，中國銀行體製改革催生瞭以城市商業銀行和農村商業銀行為代錶的地方銀行，它們以中小企業和城鄉居民為主要服務對象，瀰補瞭全國性商業銀行的市場空缺，在我國金融體繫中髮揮著日益重要的作用。對銀行體製改革的分析髮現，城市商業銀行和農村商業銀行從僅限于單一地區經營，到放開地域經營限製，允許跨區域設立分行後，兩銀行機構網點的數量呈現齣快速增長趨勢，其網點的地理分佈在改革前後髮生瞭較大變化。將兩銀行與全國性商業銀行的網點分佈進行對比髮現，其總行佈跼與地方經濟髮展刺激下的金融需求有著更為密切的聯繫；兩銀行跨區域設立異地分行的區位選擇具有較大差彆：城市商業銀行優先選擇髮達地區，而後採取全國性戰略佈跼和區域性梯度式佈跼兩種模式擴張；農村商業銀行則優先攷慮欠髮達地區，然後主要以區域內跳躍式擴張。
20세기90년대이래，중국은행체제개혁최생료이성시상업은행화농촌상업은행위대표적지방은행，타문이중소기업화성향거민위주요복무대상，미보료전국성상업은행적시장공결，재아국금융체계중발휘착일익중요적작용。대은행체제개혁적분석발현，성시상업은행화농촌상업은행종부한우단일지구경영，도방개지역경영한제，윤허과구역설립분행후，량은행궤구망점적수량정현출쾌속증장추세，기망점적지리분포재개혁전후발생료교대변화。장량은행여전국성상업은행적망점분포진행대비발현，기총행포국여지방경제발전자격하적금융수구유착경위밀절적련계；량은행과구역설립이지분행적구위선택구유교대차별：성시상업은행우선선택발체지구，이후채취전국성전략포국화구역성제도식포국량충모식확장；농촌상업은행칙우선고필흠발체지구，연후주요이구역내도약식확장。
Since the 1990s, the banking reform in China has expedited the delivery and development of local banks, mainly the city commercial banks and the rural commercial banks. They serve primarily the enterprises of small and medium size and residents of urban and rural area to make up the market vacancies of large national banks. According to the analysis on banking system reform, the number of the outlets of the city commercial banks and the rural commercial banks has increased significantly as the governments released the restriction on single geographical business scope and allowed them setting up cross-regional branches. The geographical distribution of the city and rural commercial banks has also been changed greatly after the reform. In comparison with national banks, we found that local banks’ head offices have closer links to cities with strong financial needs by better economic development, while the remote branches show some differences in location choice: city commercial banks prefer developed areas and take a nationwide strategic layout and regional gradients layout to expand; On the contrary, rural commercial banks give priority to developing regions and mainly expand in a jumping mode in its economic region.
