CAJ | 학술논문

目的：了解武陵山片区老年人群的养老需求，探讨其影响因素，为寻求适宜的养老服务模式提供参考。方法采用目的抽样方法，在湖南湘西土家族苗族自治州、重庆秀山县、湖北恩施、贵州铜仁4个地区选取2724名老年人，于2013年7-10月采用自行设计的问卷进行调查。问卷内容包括老年人的基本情况、目前的养老现状及养老模式需求情况。结果2724名老年人中，期望社区养老者为1105人（占40.6%），期望家庭养老者为966人（占35.4%），期望居家养老者363人（占13.3%），期望机构养老者233人（占8.6%），其他57人（占2.1%）。不同文化程度、婚姻状况、子女数、退休前职业、继续工作意愿、经济状况满意度、健康状况及满意度、医疗费用承担方式、宗教信仰、日常生活能力（吃药、吃饭、穿衣、刷牙和梳头、打电话自理情况）的老年人对养老模式的选择间差异有统计学意义（P é0.05）。子女数、医疗费用承担方式、宗教信仰、健康状况满意度、吃饭及打电话自理情况对老年人养老模式选择的影响有统计学意义（P é0.05）。结论社区养老和家庭养老是武陵山片区老年人的两种主要理想养老模式，子女数、医疗费用承担方式、宗教信仰、健康状况满意度、吃饭及打电话自理情况影响养老模式的选择。家庭养老已不能满足该地区老年人的养老需求，老年人希望在以家庭养老为主的基础上得到社会提供的辅助养老服务，从家庭养老向社区养老过渡将成为我国未来养老模式发展的趋势。
목적：료해무릉산편구노년인군적양로수구，탐토기영향인소，위심구괄의적양로복무모식제공삼고。방법채용목적추양방법，재호남상서토가족묘족자치주、중경수산현、호북은시、귀주동인4개지구선취2724명노년인，우2013년7-10월채용자행설계적문권진행조사。문권내용포괄노년인적기본정황、목전적양로현상급양로모식수구정황。결과2724명노년인중，기망사구양로자위1105인（점40.6%），기망가정양로자위966인（점35.4%），기망거가양로자363인（점13.3%），기망궤구양로자233인（점8.6%），기타57인（점2.1%）。불동문화정도、혼인상황、자녀수、퇴휴전직업、계속공작의원、경제상황만의도、건강상황급만의도、의료비용승담방식、종교신앙、일상생활능력（흘약、흘반、천의、쇄아화소두、타전화자리정황）적노년인대양로모식적선택간차이유통계학의의（P é0.05）。자녀수、의료비용승담방식、종교신앙、건강상황만의도、흘반급타전화자리정황대노년인양로모식선택적영향유통계학의의（P é0.05）。결론사구양로화가정양로시무릉산편구노년인적량충주요이상양로모식，자녀수、의료비용승담방식、종교신앙、건강상황만의도、흘반급타전화자리정황영향양로모식적선택。가정양로이불능만족해지구노년인적양로수구，노년인희망재이가정양로위주적기출상득도사회제공적보조양로복무，종가정양로향사구양로과도장성위아국미래양로모식발전적추세。
Objective To understand the pension demand of the elderly population among Wuling mountain areas and eXplore the influencing factors so as to provide reference for seeking the suitable pension service model. Methods A purposive sampling method was adopted. 2724 elderly people chosen from XiangXi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,Xiushan county of Chongqing,Enˊshi of Hubei and Tongˊren of Guizhong were investigated by self - made questionnaire between July and Octo-ber,2013 about their general information,the present endowment status and their demand of endowment pattern. Results 1 105 (40.6%)chose community endowment;966(35.4%)chose family support;363(13.3%)chose old - age home;233 (8.6%)chose institution endowment;57(2.1%)chose others. The difference of choices was significant among the elderly who had different educational background,marital status,number of children,occupation before retirement,work willingness after retirement,financial situation satisfaction,health state and satisfaction,health eXpenditure payment,religious belief,daily liv-ing abilities(drug - taking,eating,clothes - dressing,tooth - brushing,hair - dressing,and call - making)( P<0.05). The number of children,health eXpenditure payment,religious belief,health state satisfaction,self-care abilities such as eat-ing and making calls were the significant influencing factors for the choices of endowment patterns(P<0.05). Conclusion The family pension and community endowment are the two main ideal pension model for the elderly in Wuling mountain area. The number of children,health eXpenditure payment,religious belief,health state satisfaction,self - care abilities such as eating and making calls influence the elderlyˊs choices. Family pension can not satisfy the elderlyˊs needs any more. They want a support-ive endowment service provided by the community. Therefore transition from the family pension to the community endowment will become the inevitable trend of the future development of endowment pattern in china.