中国全科医学
中國全科醫學
중국전과의학
CHINESE GENERAL PRACTICE
2014年
23期
2684-2687
,共4页
李家伟%景琳%潘宇佳%赖倩%余伟%荆媛
李傢偉%景琳%潘宇佳%賴倩%餘偉%荊媛
리가위%경림%반우가%뢰천%여위%형원
农村地区%重性精神病%健康管理
農村地區%重性精神病%健康管理
농촌지구%중성정신병%건강관리
Rural area%Severe psychotic disorders%Health management
目的:调查农村重性精神病患者健康管理现状,发现存在的问题并进行对策分析。方法2014年3-4月对四川省郫县农村地区6家基层医疗卫生机构管理的790例重性精神病患者健康管理状况进行调查,同时访谈30例基层公共卫生人员和6例公共卫生服务评审检查专家。收集农村重性精神病患者健康管理情况,通过讨论、分析目前存在的问题。结果790例重性精神病患者中,男433例(54.8%),女357例(45.2%);年龄5~96岁,平均47.4岁。在不同年龄组中35~64岁年龄段所占比例最大(454/790,57.5%);在不同疾病类型中精神分裂症所占比例最大(511/790,64.7%),其次是精神发育迟滞伴发精神障碍(242/790,30.6%)。基层机构开展了排查工作,坚持“应管尽管”,为所有确诊患者建立了健康档案。706例(89.4%)患者接受过每年至少4次随访;患者危险性评级为:0级290例(36.7%),1级451例(57.1%),2级37例(4.7%),3级1例(0.1%),未评等级11例(1.4%)。以《国家基本公共卫生服务规范(2011年版)》(以下简称《国家规范》)为分析依据,目前健康管理存在四方面问题:健康档案记录不规范;健康管理服务的分类干预不规范;基层卫生机构精神卫生服务能力严重不足,专业人才缺乏;部分患者及其家属配合程度低。结论农村基层医疗卫生机构开展了重性精神病健康管理工作,但管理能力不足,档案管理不规范,患者配合度不高,管理实效欠佳。建议创新农村重性精神病患者综合防治管理机制以提升管理实效,加强《国家规范》培训以进一步提升基层机构服务能力,加强指导、质控和督导检查工作以确保做实重性精神病患者服务工作,加大精神卫生健康教育宣传和患者帮扶减免力度以提升患者及其家属配合度。
目的:調查農村重性精神病患者健康管理現狀,髮現存在的問題併進行對策分析。方法2014年3-4月對四川省郫縣農村地區6傢基層醫療衛生機構管理的790例重性精神病患者健康管理狀況進行調查,同時訪談30例基層公共衛生人員和6例公共衛生服務評審檢查專傢。收集農村重性精神病患者健康管理情況,通過討論、分析目前存在的問題。結果790例重性精神病患者中,男433例(54.8%),女357例(45.2%);年齡5~96歲,平均47.4歲。在不同年齡組中35~64歲年齡段所佔比例最大(454/790,57.5%);在不同疾病類型中精神分裂癥所佔比例最大(511/790,64.7%),其次是精神髮育遲滯伴髮精神障礙(242/790,30.6%)。基層機構開展瞭排查工作,堅持“應管儘管”,為所有確診患者建立瞭健康檔案。706例(89.4%)患者接受過每年至少4次隨訪;患者危險性評級為:0級290例(36.7%),1級451例(57.1%),2級37例(4.7%),3級1例(0.1%),未評等級11例(1.4%)。以《國傢基本公共衛生服務規範(2011年版)》(以下簡稱《國傢規範》)為分析依據,目前健康管理存在四方麵問題:健康檔案記錄不規範;健康管理服務的分類榦預不規範;基層衛生機構精神衛生服務能力嚴重不足,專業人纔缺乏;部分患者及其傢屬配閤程度低。結論農村基層醫療衛生機構開展瞭重性精神病健康管理工作,但管理能力不足,檔案管理不規範,患者配閤度不高,管理實效欠佳。建議創新農村重性精神病患者綜閤防治管理機製以提升管理實效,加彊《國傢規範》培訓以進一步提升基層機構服務能力,加彊指導、質控和督導檢查工作以確保做實重性精神病患者服務工作,加大精神衛生健康教育宣傳和患者幫扶減免力度以提升患者及其傢屬配閤度。
목적:조사농촌중성정신병환자건강관리현상,발현존재적문제병진행대책분석。방법2014년3-4월대사천성비현농촌지구6가기층의료위생궤구관리적790례중성정신병환자건강관리상황진행조사,동시방담30례기층공공위생인원화6례공공위생복무평심검사전가。수집농촌중성정신병환자건강관리정황,통과토론、분석목전존재적문제。결과790례중성정신병환자중,남433례(54.8%),녀357례(45.2%);년령5~96세,평균47.4세。재불동년령조중35~64세년령단소점비례최대(454/790,57.5%);재불동질병류형중정신분렬증소점비례최대(511/790,64.7%),기차시정신발육지체반발정신장애(242/790,30.6%)。기층궤구개전료배사공작,견지“응관진관”,위소유학진환자건립료건강당안。706례(89.4%)환자접수과매년지소4차수방;환자위험성평급위:0급290례(36.7%),1급451례(57.1%),2급37례(4.7%),3급1례(0.1%),미평등급11례(1.4%)。이《국가기본공공위생복무규범(2011년판)》(이하간칭《국가규범》)위분석의거,목전건강관리존재사방면문제:건강당안기록불규범;건강관리복무적분류간예불규범;기층위생궤구정신위생복무능력엄중불족,전업인재결핍;부분환자급기가속배합정도저。결론농촌기층의료위생궤구개전료중성정신병건강관리공작,단관리능력불족,당안관리불규범,환자배합도불고,관리실효흠가。건의창신농촌중성정신병환자종합방치관리궤제이제승관리실효,가강《국가규범》배훈이진일보제승기층궤구복무능력,가강지도、질공화독도검사공작이학보주실중성정신병환자복무공작,가대정신위생건강교육선전화환자방부감면력도이제승환자급기가속배합도。
Objective To investigate present situation in health management of patients with severe psychotic disorders in rural areas,and to find problems and make countermeasures analysis. Methods 790 patients with severe psychotic disorders from 6 primary health care institutions were investigated from March to April,2014. 30 primary public health staff and 6 public health service accreditation inspection experts were interviewed. The status of health management of patients with severe psychotic disorders in rural areas was collected,then the existing problems were discussed and analyzed. ResUlts Among the 790 pa-tients,433 cases were male(54. 8%),357 were female(45. 2%);aged 5-96,average 47. 4. 35-64 age group accounted for the largest in different age groups(454/790,57. 5%);schizophrenia accounted for the largest in different disease types (511/790,64. 7%),followed by mental retardation comorbid mental disorders(242/790,30. 6%). The primary health care institutions carried out investigation and screening work,according to the rule that management should be managed as much as possible,and established health records for all patients diagnosed. 706 cases(89. 4%)had received follow-up at least 4 times a year;patients with risk ratings are:level 0(290 cases,36. 7%),level 1(451 cases,57. 1%),level 2(37 cases, 4. 7%),level 3(1 case,0. 1%),not rating(11 cases,1. 4%). According to the National Basic Public Health Services Specifications,the current health management problems exist in four areas:health archival records are not standardized;the classification of intervention in health management service is not standardized;the ability of mental health service in the primary health care institutions is serious insufficient,and a shortage of professional personnel;part of patients and their family members are in low degree of cooperation. ConclUsion Primary health care institutions in rural areas have carried out the health manage-ment of severe mental health,but there exists problems:the lack of management ability,nonstandard health files management,low cooperation from patients,and poor management effectiveness. The suggestions are as follows:innovate the management mechanism for the prevention and control of patients with severe psychotic disorders to improve management effectiveness;strengthen the Na-tional Standard training to further enhance the service capability of primary health care institutions;strengthen the guidance,the su-pervision of the quality control and inspection work to ensure the service for patients with severe psychotic disorders;strengthen mental health education and increase patient aid relief to improve the cooperation of patients and their family.