CAJ | 학술논문

该研究针对高含固率纤维质物料难以连续厌氧发酵、甲烷产率低的问题，利用所研制的一套能连续进出料、具有高有机负荷承载力的新型反应器，以玉米秸秆和牛粪为原料，通过调控搅拌强度和投料强度在反应器内建立了“分区发酵”体系，比较了3种高含固率（10%、15%和20%）物料在不同有机负荷下的甲烷容积产率，系统研究了物料含固率、搅拌强度和投料强度对“分区发酵”体系形成功能分区的高度、各功能区的pH值和甲烷容积产率的影响，旨在为纤维质物料产甲烷提供高效的发酵工艺和可靠的运行参数。结果表明，含固率为10%和15%的反应器，甲烷容积产率随有机负荷的增加而增加，平均甲烷体积分数稳定在52%左右，二者在有机负荷分别为13.44和20.17 kg/(m3·d)时，甲烷容积产率最高，分别为1.62和1.66 m3/(m3·d)，在有机负荷分别为20.17和30.0 kg/(m3·d)时，甲烷产量明显下降；含固率为20%的反应器，甲烷容积产率随有机负荷的增加基本保持不变且较低（0.98 m3/(m3·d)），当有机负荷达到30.0 kg/(m3·d)时，发酵体系酸败，甲烷产量明显下降。双因素优化结果表明，当物料含固率为10%和15%、搅拌强度为6～12 h/d、投料强度为6.5～10 d时，发酵体系可形成高效的酸化区和产甲烷区，二者的高度之比为1.1～1.6：1，甲烷容积产率可达1.63～1.69 m3/(m3·d)。综上，该反应器可实现含固率为10%～20%的纤维质物料连续进出料，并在含固率为10%和15%时能高效、稳定地产甲烷，通过调控搅拌强度和进料强度能提高其甲烷容积产率。该发酵工艺有规模化应用的前景。
해연구침대고함고솔섬유질물료난이련속염양발효、갑완산솔저적문제，이용소연제적일투능련속진출료、구유고유궤부하승재력적신형반응기，이옥미갈간화우분위원료，통과조공교반강도화투료강도재반응기내건립료“분구발효”체계，비교료3충고함고솔（10%、15%화20%）물료재불동유궤부하하적갑완용적산솔，계통연구료물료함고솔、교반강도화투료강도대“분구발효”체계형성공능분구적고도、각공능구적pH치화갑완용적산솔적영향，지재위섬유질물료산갑완제공고효적발효공예화가고적운행삼수。결과표명，함고솔위10%화15%적반응기，갑완용적산솔수유궤부하적증가이증가，평균갑완체적분수은정재52%좌우，이자재유궤부하분별위13.44화20.17 kg/(m3·d)시，갑완용적산솔최고，분별위1.62화1.66 m3/(m3·d)，재유궤부하분별위20.17화30.0 kg/(m3·d)시，갑완산량명현하강；함고솔위20%적반응기，갑완용적산솔수유궤부하적증가기본보지불변차교저（0.98 m3/(m3·d)），당유궤부하체도30.0 kg/(m3·d)시，발효체계산패，갑완산량명현하강。쌍인소우화결과표명，당물료함고솔위10%화15%、교반강도위6～12 h/d、투료강도위6.5～10 d시，발효체계가형성고효적산화구화산갑완구，이자적고도지비위1.1～1.6：1，갑완용적산솔가체1.63～1.69 m3/(m3·d)。종상，해반응기가실현함고솔위10%～20%적섬유질물료련속진출료，병재함고솔위10%화15%시능고효、은정지산갑완，통과조공교반강도화진료강도능제고기갑완용적산솔。해발효공예유규모화응용적전경。
Methane production from lignocellulosic feedstock through high solid anaerobic digestion is a huge potential technology. However, the shortage of an efficient reactor has become a major bottleneck in developing the technology. The continuous feeding and discharge of lignocellulosic feedstock with high solids is difficult to complete. Methane production from the feedstock is low in practice. Thus, it is important to develop a new reactor with efficient feeding and discharge feedstock equipments and improve methane production by an optimized operation process. Based on synthesizing the merits of a number of techniques home and abroad, a novel anaerobic reactor was designed in this study. The reactor had two spiral equipments to implement continuous feeding and discharge feedstock with high solid content and had a high bearing capability of organic loading rate (OLR) to improve methane production. In order to provide a technology and some reliable operating parameters to efficiently produce methane from lignocellulosic feedstock, the continuous anaerobic co-digestion tests were conducted at three total solid contents of 10%, 15% and 20%using corn stalk and dairy manure as feedstock. An integrated two-phase division digestion system was constructed by controlling stirring intensity (h/d) and feeding intensity (d). The methane volumetric production rate (MVPR) of different OLRs was compared. Effects of the total solid (TS) of feedstock, stirring, feeding intensity on height, pH of function divisions, and MVPR were discussed in detail. The results showed that function divisions, including the acidification division of upside and methanogenic division of underpart in the vertical reactor, were obviously formed when TS were 10% and 15%, MVPR gradually increased, and methane content stabilized around 52% with OLR increasing. The highest MVPR reached 1.62 and 1.66 m3/(m3·d) respectively when OLR was 13.44 kg/(m3·d) at 10%TS and 20.17 kg/(m3·d) at 15% TS. MVPR significantly decreased when OLR was 20.17 kg/(m3·d) and 30.0 kg/(m3·d), respectively, which might be caused by the accumulation of volatile fatty acids. MVPR stabilized around 0.98 m3/(m3·d) with OLR increasing, then it dramatically decreased and anaerobic digestion failed when OLR reached 30.0 kg/(m3·d) at 20% TS. The results of two factors interacting declared the highest MVPR at 1.63-1.69 m3/(m3·d) The efficient acidification division and methanogenic division were formed, and the height ratio of both was 1.1-1.6:1 when stirring intensity, feeding intensity, and TS were 6-12 h/d, 6.5-10 d, and 10%-15%, respectively. In summary, the process of continuous feeding and discharge at 10%-20%TS of lignocellulosic feedstock was feasible in the anaerobic digestion reactor. The reactor was more efficient and stable to produce methane at 10%and 15%TS compared to 20%TS, and MVPR could be improved by adjusting stirring intensity and feeding intensity. Therefore, this technology has a promising prospect for industrial scale application.