CAJ | 학술논문

针对重金属污染严重的土壤，探索施用氮肥和生物质炭减少水稻重金属吸收的可行性。该研究采用盆栽试验，选用生物质炭、硫硝铵氮肥（简称普通氮肥）和含硝化抑制剂3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐的硫硝铵氮肥（简称3,4-dimethylpyrazolephosphate，DMPP氮肥），设置了5种处理包括对照即未添加氮肥和生物质炭、普通氮肥添加、DMPP氮肥添加、生物质炭+普通氮肥添加和生物质炭+DMPP氮肥添加，研究了不同处理对水稻华航丝苗（Oryza sativa L.）生长和重金属Cu、Zn和Cd吸收特性的影响。结果表明，不配施生物质炭时，DMPP氮肥对水稻籽粒产量无显著（P＞0.05）影响；生物质炭与普通氮肥或 DMPP 氮肥配施均能增加水稻籽粒产量：与单施普通氮肥相比，生物质炭与普通氮肥配施水稻籽粒产量显著（P＞0.05）增加20.3%；与单施 DMPP 氮肥相比，生物质炭与DMPP氮肥配施水稻籽粒产量显著（P＞0.05）增加49.3%。与不施肥对照相比，生物质炭与DMPP氮肥配施能降低籽粒Cu、Zn和Cd含量，其籽粒Cu、Zn和Cd质量分数分别显著降低20.0%、21.4%和11.6%。未配施生物质炭时DMPP促进Cu从秸秆向籽粒的转移，配施生物质炭时DMPP促进Cu和Cd从根向秸秆的转移；生物质炭与不同氮肥配施对水稻籽粒/秸秆和秸秆/根Cu、Zn和Cd转运系数的影响因配施氮肥品种不同而存在差异。综上，生物质炭与DMPP氮肥配施可降低籽粒中重金属Cu、Zn和Cd质量分数，促进水稻生长，增加水稻籽粒产量，适宜在多重金属污染稻田施用。
침대중금속오염엄중적토양，탐색시용담비화생물질탄감소수도중금속흡수적가행성。해연구채용분재시험，선용생물질탄、류초안담비（간칭보통담비）화함초화억제제3,4-이갑기필서린산염적류초안담비（간칭3,4-dimethylpyrazolephosphate，DMPP담비），설치료5충처리포괄대조즉미첨가담비화생물질탄、보통담비첨가、DMPP담비첨가、생물질탄+보통담비첨가화생물질탄+DMPP담비첨가，연구료불동처리대수도화항사묘（Oryza sativa L.）생장화중금속Cu、Zn화Cd흡수특성적영향。결과표명，불배시생물질탄시，DMPP담비대수도자립산량무현저（P＞0.05）영향；생물질탄여보통담비혹 DMPP 담비배시균능증가수도자립산량：여단시보통담비상비，생물질탄여보통담비배시수도자립산량현저（P＞0.05）증가20.3%；여단시 DMPP 담비상비，생물질탄여DMPP담비배시수도자립산량현저（P＞0.05）증가49.3%。여불시비대조상비，생물질탄여DMPP담비배시능강저자립Cu、Zn화Cd함량，기자립Cu、Zn화Cd질량분수분별현저강저20.0%、21.4%화11.6%。미배시생물질탄시DMPP촉진Cu종갈간향자립적전이，배시생물질탄시DMPP촉진Cu화Cd종근향갈간적전이；생물질탄여불동담비배시대수도자립/갈간화갈간/근Cu、Zn화Cd전운계수적영향인배시담비품충불동이존재차이。종상，생물질탄여DMPP담비배시가강저자립중중금속Cu、Zn화Cd질량분수，촉진수도생장，증가수도자립산량，괄의재다중금속오염도전시용。
Heavy metal contamination in soils has been a severe issue in agricultural production around the world in the past few decades because of its high health risk through soil-food chain transfer. A sudden emergence of heavy metal tainted rice from the South China market urged countermeasures to prevent heavy metal uptake and accumulation in rice from heavy metal contaminated rice paddies. To investigate and quantify the effects of combined application of biochar (BC) and nitrogen fertilizers on the growth, yield and heavy metal uptake of rice (Oryza sativa L.) on a historically multi-metal contaminated paddy soil, the pot experiments under waterlogged condition were carried out in a greenhouse and five different treatments were compared including control soil, soil only with common nitrogen fertilizer ammonium sulphate nitrate (ASN), soil only with nitrogen fertilizer ammonium sulphate nitrate with nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazolephosphate (DMPP), soil both with biochar and common nitrogen fertilizer, and soil both with biochar and DMPP nitrogen fertilizer. Both soil and rice plant samples were collected after rice harvest. Available heavy metals of soils, roots, straws and grains of rice were analyzed. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer with nitrification inhibitor DMPP had no significant (P>0.05) effect on rice grain yield if they were not used in combination with biochar. Biochar combined with common nitrogen fertilizer or DMPP nitrogen fertilizer could significantly (P<0.05) increased the grain yield. Compared with the single application of common nitrogen fertilizer, the grain yield of rice in the treatment with combined use of biochar and common nitrogen fertilizer was significantly (P<0.05) increased by 20.3%. Compared with the single application of DMPP nitrogen fertilizer, the grain yield of rice in the treatment with combined use of biochar and DMPP nitrogen fertilizer was significantly (P<0.05) increased by 49.3%. Compared with the control, the concentrations of Cu, Zn and Cd in grain of in the treatment with combined use of biochar and DMPP nitrogen fertilizer were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by 20.0%, 21.4% and 11.6%, respectively. DMPP could promote the transfer of Cu from straw to grain when biochar was not applied together, but promote the transfer of Cu and Cd from root to straw when biochar was used together. The effect of combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on transfer of Cu and Cd varied with different nitrogen fertilizer. The results above indicated that combined application of biochar and DMPP nitrogen fertilizer could promote rice growth, increase the yields of rice grain and decrease its heavy metal Cu, Zn and Cd concentrations. The results further suggested that in a multi-contaminated watterlogged paddy soil, biochar and DMPP nitrogen fertilizer could be adopted together. This study demonstrated the application of both biochar and DMPP nitrogen fertilizer could prevent dangerous heavy metal accumulation in heavy metal contaminated paddy field.