人民黄河
人民黃河
인민황하
Yellow River
2014年
7期
84-86,90
,共4页
模型试验%盐度梯度%潮差%流量%水位%盐水入侵%非恒定水域
模型試驗%鹽度梯度%潮差%流量%水位%鹽水入侵%非恆定水域
모형시험%염도제도%조차%류량%수위%염수입침%비항정수역
model experiment%salinity gradient%tidal range%flow%water level%salt-water intrusion%unsteady water area
通过10组试验研究了非恒定水域盐水入侵特性与上游淡水来流、水深、潮差、下游盐度等参数之间的关系。结果表明：①表层和底层的盐度几乎不受涨落潮的影响，表层盐度一直较低，底层盐度一直较高；中间层的盐度具有周期性，且一般在涨憩时刻附近取得最大值，落憩时刻附近取得最小值。②下游盐度、水深以及潮差越大，上游来流越小，盐水入侵强度越大。垂向平均盐度值在纵向上从下游向上游递减。总体来讲，下游纵向盐度梯度比上游的大，且纵向盐度梯度在中游附近达到最大。③上、中、下游断面盐度垂向分布明显不同，下游表层盐度梯度较大，且下游盐度、潮差、上游来流、水深越大，下游表层垂向盐度梯度越大。总体来说，表层垂向盐度梯度从下游向上游递减，而底层垂向盐度梯度从下游向上游递增。④从下游至上游，表层盐度值基本没有变化，底层盐度减小但减小速率较慢，中间层盐度值减小速率较快。
通過10組試驗研究瞭非恆定水域鹽水入侵特性與上遊淡水來流、水深、潮差、下遊鹽度等參數之間的關繫。結果錶明：①錶層和底層的鹽度幾乎不受漲落潮的影響，錶層鹽度一直較低，底層鹽度一直較高；中間層的鹽度具有週期性，且一般在漲憩時刻附近取得最大值，落憩時刻附近取得最小值。②下遊鹽度、水深以及潮差越大，上遊來流越小，鹽水入侵彊度越大。垂嚮平均鹽度值在縱嚮上從下遊嚮上遊遞減。總體來講，下遊縱嚮鹽度梯度比上遊的大，且縱嚮鹽度梯度在中遊附近達到最大。③上、中、下遊斷麵鹽度垂嚮分佈明顯不同，下遊錶層鹽度梯度較大，且下遊鹽度、潮差、上遊來流、水深越大，下遊錶層垂嚮鹽度梯度越大。總體來說，錶層垂嚮鹽度梯度從下遊嚮上遊遞減，而底層垂嚮鹽度梯度從下遊嚮上遊遞增。④從下遊至上遊，錶層鹽度值基本沒有變化，底層鹽度減小但減小速率較慢，中間層鹽度值減小速率較快。
통과10조시험연구료비항정수역염수입침특성여상유담수래류、수심、조차、하유염도등삼수지간적관계。결과표명：①표층화저층적염도궤호불수창락조적영향，표층염도일직교저，저층염도일직교고；중간층적염도구유주기성，차일반재창게시각부근취득최대치，락게시각부근취득최소치。②하유염도、수심이급조차월대，상유래류월소，염수입침강도월대。수향평균염도치재종향상종하유향상유체감。총체래강，하유종향염도제도비상유적대，차종향염도제도재중유부근체도최대。③상、중、하유단면염도수향분포명현불동，하유표층염도제도교대，차하유염도、조차、상유래류、수심월대，하유표층수향염도제도월대。총체래설，표층수향염도제도종하유향상유체감，이저층수향염도제도종하유향상유체증。④종하유지상유，표층염도치기본몰유변화，저층염도감소단감소속솔교만，중간층염도치감소속솔교쾌。
Based on 10 group experiments,this study analyzed the variation between the characteristics of salt-water intrusion in unsteady water and upstream freshwater coming flow,water depth,tidal range,salinity of downstream and other parameters. The results show that a)the salinity of surface and bottom hardly be effected by tidal fluctuations,surface salinity has been low and the salinity at bottom has been higher,the salinity of the middle layer has a periodic and generally obtain the maximum value among nearby high water stand moment and get the minimum value among nearby low water stand;b)the lager the value of downstream salinity,water depth and tidal range,the lower the upstream flow and the greater in-tensity of salt-water intrusion will be. Averaged salinity of the vertical decreases from downstream to upstream in the longitudinal direction. General-ly speaking,the vertical salinity gradient of downstream is greater than that of the upstream,and it has the maximum value nearby the middle rea-ches;c)vertical distribution of salinity are obviously different in the upper,middle and lower reaches sections,the salinity gradient of surface layer is lager in downstream,the lager the value of downstream salinity,tidal range,upstream flow and water depth,the lager the vertical salinity gradi-ent of surface downstream. In a word,the vertical salinity gradient of surface layer decreases from downstream to upstream,while the bottom layer increases from downstream to upstream;d)from the downstream to the upstream,the surface salinity values is almost unchanged,underlying salini-ty reduces at a lower rate,opposite the middle layer salinity values decreases in a faster rate.
