CAJ | 학술논문

在大田条件下研究了不同灌水处理对强筋小麦新麦19产量、干物质转运、水分利用效率、籽粒全氮含量和面团粉质拉伸参数的影响。试验于2009-2010年度，在新乡市农业科学院辉县试验基地一号地和辉县市孟庄镇高村同时进行。试验采用随机区组试验设计，三次重复。试验设5个处理：底墒水＋拔节水＋开花水，底墒水＋拔节水，底墒水＋越冬水＋孕穗水，越冬水＋孕穗水，越冬水＋起身水＋开花水＋灌浆水（对照）。结果表明：灌水处理对新麦19的产量、干物质转运、水分利用效率及籽粒品质性状有显著的影响，两地结果基本一致。“底墒水＋拔节水＋开花水”处理的产量最高，两地平均比对照增产5％，花后干物质积累量和转运率、水分利用率、降水利用效率、灌水利用率和品质性状均高于对照。“底墒水＋拔节水”处理的水分利用率最高，比对照高出6％以上。小麦全生育期灌两水以上时，随灌水量的增加籽粒品质将变劣；花后灌一水与花后不灌水处理的籽粒品质性状差异较小，二者均优于花后灌两水的处理。综合籽粒产量、品质、水分利用率多方面因素，在河南北部地区强筋小麦生产中适宜采用“底墒水＋拔节水＋开花水”的水分管理模式。
재대전조건하연구료불동관수처리대강근소맥신맥19산량、간물질전운、수분이용효솔、자립전담함량화면단분질랍신삼수적영향。시험우2009-2010년도，재신향시농업과학원휘현시험기지일호지화휘현시맹장진고촌동시진행。시험채용수궤구조시험설계，삼차중복。시험설5개처리：저상수＋발절수＋개화수，저상수＋발절수，저상수＋월동수＋잉수수，월동수＋잉수수，월동수＋기신수＋개화수＋관장수（대조）。결과표명：관수처리대신맥19적산량、간물질전운、수분이용효솔급자립품질성상유현저적영향，량지결과기본일치。“저상수＋발절수＋개화수”처리적산량최고，량지평균비대조증산5％，화후간물질적루량화전운솔、수분이용솔、강수이용효솔、관수이용솔화품질성상균고우대조。“저상수＋발절수”처리적수분이용솔최고，비대조고출6％이상。소맥전생육기관량수이상시，수관수량적증가자립품질장변렬；화후관일수여화후불관수처리적자립품질성상차이교소，이자균우우화후관량수적처리。종합자립산량、품질、수분이용솔다방면인소，재하남북부지구강근소맥생산중괄의채용“저상수＋발절수＋개화수”적수분관리모식。
A field trial was conducted during 2009-2010 at the experimental station of Xinxiang Academy of Agri-cultural Sciences and Gaocun Village in Huixian City ,Henan Province to verify the effects of irrigation on yield ,dry mat-ter accumulation amount (DMAA) ,dry matter distribution ratio (DMDR) ,water use efficiency (WUE) ,and quality of high-gluten wheat .The trial was implemented by using randomized block design with three replications .Five treatments of irrigation were included :pre-sowing water + jointing water + flowering water (T1 ) ,pre-sowing water + jointing water (T2 ) ,pre-sowing water + winter water + booting water (T3 ) ,winter water + booting water (T4 ) ,and winter water + pre-jointing water+ flowering water + filling water (CK ) .The results showed that the irrigation treatments af-fected significantly grain yield ,DMAA ,DMDR ,WUE and quality characters of Xinmai 19 at both sites .The yield of T1 was the highest ,which increased by 5% in average at the two sites compared with CK .The DMAA ,DMDR ,WUE ,ir-rigation WUE and precipitation WUE of T1 were wholly higher than those of CK .The WUE of T2 was the highest ,which increased by more than 6% compared with CK .When irrigated twice or more during the whole growth period ,the grain quality tended to be worse with the increase of irrigation frequency .There was little difference of grain quality between ir-rigation once and no irrigation after anthesis ,both of whose grain quality was prior to that of irrigation twice after anthe-sis .In comprehensive view of yield ,quality and WUE ,T1 was the best irrigation mode for high-gluten wheat production in northern Henan Province .