生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2013年
8期
1432-1437
,共6页
易琼%逄玉万%杨少海%卢钰升%付弘婷%李苹%蒋瑞萍%唐拴虎
易瓊%逄玉萬%楊少海%盧鈺升%付弘婷%李蘋%蔣瑞萍%唐拴虎
역경%방옥만%양소해%로옥승%부홍정%리평%장서평%당전호
施肥%甲烷%氧化亚氮%排放%稻田
施肥%甲烷%氧化亞氮%排放%稻田
시비%갑완%양화아담%배방%도전
fertilization%methane%nitrous oxide%emission%paddy field
大气温室气体浓度的升高引起太阳辐射加强,导致全球变暖已成为不争的事实。农田是温室气体排放的重要来源之一,采用静态箱-气相色谱法探讨不同氮肥类型与施氮水平对华南稻田甲烷(CH4)与氧化亚氮(N2O)排放的影响。试验共设置5个处理,每处理3次重复,分别(以N计)为U6(90 kg·hm-2),U10(150 kg·hm-2),U12(180 kg·hm-2),SR10(150 kg·hm-2,缓释肥),CR10(150 kg·hm-2,控释肥)。各处理磷钾肥用量一致,分别为45 kg·hm-2(以 P2O5计)和127.5 kg·hm-2(以K2O计)。研究结果表明:稻田CH4与N2O排放量随氮肥用量的增加呈增加趋势。晚稻CH4排放呈单峰型,其峰值出现在水稻移栽后16~23 d,N2O排放并未出现明显的排放峰。CH4累积排放主要发生在返青-分蘖初期和分蘖盛期-幼穗分化期两个时段,而 N2O的累积排放主要集中在灌浆-成熟期(U6处理除外)。不同氮肥类型处理 CH4季节排放总量与平均排放量表现为:处理SR10>处理U10>处理CR10,其中,控释肥处理甲烷排放总量较常规尿素处理减少了11.3%;而N2O季节排放总量与平均排放量表现为:处理CR10>处理U10>处理SR10。综上,初步认为氮肥的施用能够促进CH4与N2O的释放,缓释肥处理能有效减少稻田N2O的排放,而控释尿素处理能明显降低稻田CH4气体的排放,且稻田CH4与N2O的排放存在一定的互为消长关系,因此如何平衡稻田甲烷与氧化亚氮释放,使稻田增温潜势最小化是下一步研究的重点和方向。
大氣溫室氣體濃度的升高引起太暘輻射加彊,導緻全毬變暖已成為不爭的事實。農田是溫室氣體排放的重要來源之一,採用靜態箱-氣相色譜法探討不同氮肥類型與施氮水平對華南稻田甲烷(CH4)與氧化亞氮(N2O)排放的影響。試驗共設置5箇處理,每處理3次重複,分彆(以N計)為U6(90 kg·hm-2),U10(150 kg·hm-2),U12(180 kg·hm-2),SR10(150 kg·hm-2,緩釋肥),CR10(150 kg·hm-2,控釋肥)。各處理燐鉀肥用量一緻,分彆為45 kg·hm-2(以 P2O5計)和127.5 kg·hm-2(以K2O計)。研究結果錶明:稻田CH4與N2O排放量隨氮肥用量的增加呈增加趨勢。晚稻CH4排放呈單峰型,其峰值齣現在水稻移栽後16~23 d,N2O排放併未齣現明顯的排放峰。CH4纍積排放主要髮生在返青-分蘗初期和分蘗盛期-幼穗分化期兩箇時段,而 N2O的纍積排放主要集中在灌漿-成熟期(U6處理除外)。不同氮肥類型處理 CH4季節排放總量與平均排放量錶現為:處理SR10>處理U10>處理CR10,其中,控釋肥處理甲烷排放總量較常規尿素處理減少瞭11.3%;而N2O季節排放總量與平均排放量錶現為:處理CR10>處理U10>處理SR10。綜上,初步認為氮肥的施用能夠促進CH4與N2O的釋放,緩釋肥處理能有效減少稻田N2O的排放,而控釋尿素處理能明顯降低稻田CH4氣體的排放,且稻田CH4與N2O的排放存在一定的互為消長關繫,因此如何平衡稻田甲烷與氧化亞氮釋放,使稻田增溫潛勢最小化是下一步研究的重點和方嚮。
대기온실기체농도적승고인기태양복사가강,도치전구변난이성위불쟁적사실。농전시온실기체배방적중요래원지일,채용정태상-기상색보법탐토불동담비류형여시담수평대화남도전갑완(CH4)여양화아담(N2O)배방적영향。시험공설치5개처리,매처리3차중복,분별(이N계)위U6(90 kg·hm-2),U10(150 kg·hm-2),U12(180 kg·hm-2),SR10(150 kg·hm-2,완석비),CR10(150 kg·hm-2,공석비)。각처리린갑비용량일치,분별위45 kg·hm-2(이 P2O5계)화127.5 kg·hm-2(이K2O계)。연구결과표명:도전CH4여N2O배방량수담비용량적증가정증가추세。만도CH4배방정단봉형,기봉치출현재수도이재후16~23 d,N2O배방병미출현명현적배방봉。CH4루적배방주요발생재반청-분얼초기화분얼성기-유수분화기량개시단,이 N2O적루적배방주요집중재관장-성숙기(U6처리제외)。불동담비류형처리 CH4계절배방총량여평균배방량표현위:처리SR10>처리U10>처리CR10,기중,공석비처리갑완배방총량교상규뇨소처리감소료11.3%;이N2O계절배방총량여평균배방량표현위:처리CR10>처리U10>처리SR10。종상,초보인위담비적시용능구촉진CH4여N2O적석방,완석비처리능유효감소도전N2O적배방,이공석뇨소처리능명현강저도전CH4기체적배방,차도전CH4여N2O적배방존재일정적호위소장관계,인차여하평형도전갑완여양화아담석방,사도전증온잠세최소화시하일보연구적중점화방향。
It is an indisputable fact that the increase in greenhouse gases concentration leads to the rising atmospheric temperature and causing global warming. It is believed that farmland is one of the most important sources of greenhouse gases;methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). In this study, closed-chamber technology with gas chromatography method was used to study the effect of different nitrogen fertilizer sources and nitrogen application rates on CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy field. The experiment con-sisted of five treatments with three replicates:U6 (90 kg N·hm-2, Urea),U10 (150 kg N·hm-2, Urea),U12 (180 kg N·hm-2, Urea), SR10 (150 kg N·hm-2,Slow release fertilizer),and CR10 (150 kg N·hm-2,Controlled-release urea). The total P and K application rate in each plot were 45 kg P2O5?hm-2 and 127.5 kg K2O?hm-2. The results showed that methane and nitrous oxide emissions from paddy field tended to increase with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The flux emission of CH4 occurred as a single peak dur-ing growing season of late rice between 16 and 23 days after transplanting, while no obvious flux peak was observed for N2O. The accumulative emission of CH4 was observed mainly at two phases;one from regreening stage to early tillering stage and the other from tillering stage to panicle initiation stage. However, the accumulative emission of N2O concentrated around the period from heading stage to harvest (except for treatment U6). The seasonal and average fluxes of CH4 with different fertilizers followed the trend:SR10>U10>CR10, while the trend was opposite for N2O. In addition, the total CH4 emission of CR10 treatment was 11.3%lower compared to U10 treatment. The result suggests that nitrogen application contributed to the release of CH4 and N2O in paddy field. The slow release fertilizer could reduce N2O emission significantly, while the controlled release Urea could reduce methane emission In addition, there’s a negative relationship between methane and nitrous oxide emissions to some extent. Hence, future re-search should be focused on how to reduce emissions from both CH4 and N2O through appropriate fertilization to minimize the glob-al warming contribution of paddy field.