生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2013年
8期
1423-1427
,共5页
谢真越%卓慕宁%李定强%廖义善%韦高玲
謝真越%卓慕寧%李定彊%廖義善%韋高玲
사진월%탁모저%리정강%료의선%위고령
肥料用量%菜地%径流%氮磷流失
肥料用量%菜地%徑流%氮燐流失
비료용량%채지%경류%담린류실
fertilization amount%vegetable field%runoff%loss of nitrogen and phosphorus
研究施肥对菜地径流氮、磷流失的影响，对控制水体富营养化有重要意义。采用田间小区监测的方法，研究常规施肥、减量施肥1和减量施肥2等三种施肥水平对菜地径流氮磷流失的影响。结果表明，（1）不同施肥水平的径流氮、磷流失浓度均较高，径流TN、NH4＋-N、NO3--N的平均流失质量浓度分别在20.5～34、2.2～2.4、6.3～9.5 mg?L-1之间，径流TP、DP的平均流失质量浓度分别在7.7～11.1、2.1～2.4 mg?L-1之间，菜地土壤径流氮、磷流失风险较大。（2）减量施肥可明显降低径流TN和NO3--N的流失浓度，与当地常规施肥相比，减施肥料20%和30%可分别降低径流TN流失浓度的40%、32%和NO3--N 流失浓度的23%、35%，而减量施肥对径流 TP、DP 的流失浓度影响不大。（3）不同施肥水平的径流 TN、NO3--N流失负荷分别在5.8～7.6、1.6～2.3 kg?hm-2之间，与常规施肥相比，减施肥料20%和30%可分别减少TN、NO3--N流失负荷的24%、19%和11%、29%。不同施肥水平的径流TP、DP流失负荷分别在1.7～2.9、2.5～2.7 kg?hm-2之间，减量施肥并不能减少径流TP、DP的流失负荷。
研究施肥對菜地徑流氮、燐流失的影響，對控製水體富營養化有重要意義。採用田間小區鑑測的方法，研究常規施肥、減量施肥1和減量施肥2等三種施肥水平對菜地徑流氮燐流失的影響。結果錶明，（1）不同施肥水平的徑流氮、燐流失濃度均較高，徑流TN、NH4＋-N、NO3--N的平均流失質量濃度分彆在20.5～34、2.2～2.4、6.3～9.5 mg?L-1之間，徑流TP、DP的平均流失質量濃度分彆在7.7～11.1、2.1～2.4 mg?L-1之間，菜地土壤徑流氮、燐流失風險較大。（2）減量施肥可明顯降低徑流TN和NO3--N的流失濃度，與噹地常規施肥相比，減施肥料20%和30%可分彆降低徑流TN流失濃度的40%、32%和NO3--N 流失濃度的23%、35%，而減量施肥對徑流 TP、DP 的流失濃度影響不大。（3）不同施肥水平的徑流 TN、NO3--N流失負荷分彆在5.8～7.6、1.6～2.3 kg?hm-2之間，與常規施肥相比，減施肥料20%和30%可分彆減少TN、NO3--N流失負荷的24%、19%和11%、29%。不同施肥水平的徑流TP、DP流失負荷分彆在1.7～2.9、2.5～2.7 kg?hm-2之間，減量施肥併不能減少徑流TP、DP的流失負荷。
연구시비대채지경류담、린류실적영향，대공제수체부영양화유중요의의。채용전간소구감측적방법，연구상규시비、감량시비1화감량시비2등삼충시비수평대채지경류담린류실적영향。결과표명，（1）불동시비수평적경류담、린류실농도균교고，경류TN、NH4＋-N、NO3--N적평균류실질량농도분별재20.5～34、2.2～2.4、6.3～9.5 mg?L-1지간，경류TP、DP적평균류실질량농도분별재7.7～11.1、2.1～2.4 mg?L-1지간，채지토양경류담、린류실풍험교대。（2）감량시비가명현강저경류TN화NO3--N적류실농도，여당지상규시비상비，감시비료20%화30%가분별강저경류TN류실농도적40%、32%화NO3--N 류실농도적23%、35%，이감량시비대경류 TP、DP 적류실농도영향불대。（3）불동시비수평적경류 TN、NO3--N류실부하분별재5.8～7.6、1.6～2.3 kg?hm-2지간，여상규시비상비，감시비료20%화30%가분별감소TN、NO3--N류실부하적24%、19%화11%、29%。불동시비수평적경류TP、DP류실부하분별재1.7～2.9、2.5～2.7 kg?hm-2지간，감량시비병불능감소경류TP、DP적류실부하。
Analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus losses by runoff from vegetable fields under different fertilizer levels has significance for control of eutrophication in surface. Based on a field plot experiment, three fertilizer scenarios were defined as:normal fertilizer level, fertilization decrease 1 and fertilization decrease 2. The results indicated that, (1) the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff water was relatively high corresponding to different fertilization levels in the vegetable field. The contents of TN, NH4+-N, NO3--N were 20.5-34 mg·L-1, 2.2-2.4 mg·L-1, and 6.3-9.5 mg·L-1 in runoff water respectively;and that of TP and DP were 7.7-11.1 mg·L-1 and 2.1-2.4 mg·L-1. The risk of pollution to water due to nitrogen and phosphorus losses from vegetable fields was high. (2) Decrease of fertilization could significantly decrease the contents of TN and NO3--N in runoff water from vegetable field. In comparison with normal fertilization, decrease of fertilization by 20%and 30%could decrease the contents of TN by 40%and 32%and NO3--N by 23%and 35%respectively. However, decrease of fertilization had no observable influences on the contents of TP and DP in runoff water. (3) The loss loads of TN and NO3--N by runoff under different fertilization conditions were 5.8-7.6 kg·hm-2 and 1.6-2.3 kg·hm-2 in the vegetable fields, respectively. In comparison with normal fertilization, the decrease of fertilization by 20%and 30%could decrease the loss loads of TN by 24%and 19%and NO3--N by 11%and 29%. With different fertilization levels, the loss loads of TP and DP by runoff were 1.7-2.9 kg·hm-2 and 2.5-2.7 kg·hm-2 respectively, and decrease of fertilization could not decrease the loss loads of TP and DP.
