CAJ | 학술논문

拟除虫菊酯农药是一种广谱、高效、低毒、低残留的亲脂性杀虫剂，它会随农田排水、降雨淋洗进入水体，最终进入沉积环境，故沉积物是其最终归宿之一。本研究针对珠江河口沉积物中菊酯类农药的污染状况进行调查，研究它们的含量、组成比例、污染来源及其潜在毒性，为珠江渔业水生生态环境管理及掌握环境中有机污染情况提供依据，对保护渔业环境安全有十分重要的意义。2012年5月采集珠江河口表层沉积物，采用气相色谱法-电子捕获法（GC-ECD）对表层沉积物中联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯进行残留检测，并利用其对钩虾的生物毒性来评价沉积物的潜在毒性。结果显示，表层沉积物（以干质量计）中7种菊酯类农药质量分数介于ND～6.59μg·kg-1（ND表示未检出），平均值为0.75μg·kg-1，其总质量分数与有机碳质量分数呈现一定的正相关性；组成比例表明，氯菊酯最多，占总量的57.63%，它的检出率为61.90%，甲氰菊酯其次，约占总量的16.39%，检出率为28.57%，氯菊酯占主要组成部分，可能与其在珠江三角洲居民生活中被大量使用及其降解速率有关；珠江桥采样点高浓度的菊酯类农药的检出（6.59μg·kg-1），可能与其靠近人口密集和经济发达的广州有关；与国内外其他地区相比，珠江河口沉积物中菊酯农药处于较低水平；采用毒性单元TU（选用钩虾Hyallela Azteca的LC50）进行毒性评估，∑TU值范围为0～0.09，远远低于1，表明珠江河口拟除虫菊酯不存在生态风险。
의제충국지농약시일충엄보、고효、저독、저잔류적친지성살충제，타회수농전배수、강우림세진입수체，최종진입침적배경，고침적물시기최종귀숙지일。본연구침대주강하구침적물중국지류농약적오염상황진행조사，연구타문적함량、조성비례、오염래원급기잠재독성，위주강어업수생생태배경관리급장악배경중유궤오염정황제공의거，대보호어업배경안전유십분중요적의의。2012년5월채집주강하구표층침적물，채용기상색보법-전자포획법（GC-ECD）대표층침적물중련분국지、갑청국지、고효록불청국지、록국지、록청국지、청무국지、추청국지진행잔류검측，병이용기대구하적생물독성래평개침적물적잠재독성。결과현시，표층침적물（이간질량계）중7충국지류농약질량분수개우ND～6.59μg·kg-1（ND표시미검출），평균치위0.75μg·kg-1，기총질량분수여유궤탄질량분수정현일정적정상관성；조성비례표명，록국지최다，점총량적57.63%，타적검출솔위61.90%，갑청국지기차，약점총량적16.39%，검출솔위28.57%，록국지점주요조성부분，가능여기재주강삼각주거민생활중피대량사용급기강해속솔유관；주강교채양점고농도적국지류농약적검출（6.59μg·kg-1），가능여기고근인구밀집화경제발체적엄주유관；여국내외기타지구상비，주강하구침적물중국지농약처우교저수평；채용독성단원TU（선용구하Hyallela Azteca적LC50）진행독성평고，∑TU치범위위0～0.09，원원저우1，표명주강하구의제충국지불존재생태풍험。
Pyrethroids are synthetic insecticides commonly applied to many crops due to their efficacy at low doses, high degradation rate in the environment and relatively low toxicity with regard to non-target organisms. Pyrethroids used in agriculture may finally enter the aquatic environment and accumulate in the food chain and may cause serious ecological and health problems. The Pearl River Estuary is a unique ecological environment, yet little research has been conducted on pyrethroids in this area. This study aimed to determine if pyrethroids were detectable and widespread in the Pearl River Estuary and if concentrations were high enough to cause associated aquatic toxicity. Samples of surface sediments were collected in the Pearl River Estuary in May 2012 for analysis of pyrethroid residues using gas chromatograph-electron capture (GC-ECD), with Hyalella azteca used to evaluate the potential toxicity of sediment. Results showed that total mass fraction of the pyrethroids in the surface sediments ranged from ND to 6.59μg·kg-1, with an average of 0.75μg·kg-1, and exhibited a positive correlation with organic carbon. The highest content of pyrethroids was found at the Pearl River Bridge. The proportions of permethrin were highest in the Pearl River Estuary, accounting for 57.63% of total pyrethroids, with detections in 61.90%sediment samples, followed by fenvalerate, accounting for 16.39%of total pyrethroids, with detections in 28.57%sediment samples. Permethrin was the most abundant pyrethroid due to its wide-spread use in the Pearl River Delta and its degradation. The Pearl River Bridge site showed a pyrethroid sediment concentration of 6.59 μg·kg-1, which was probably due to it close proximity to Guangzhou, one of the most densely populated and economically developed cities in China. Toxic units (TUs) based on the LC50 of Hyalella azteca were calculated to estimate toxicity risk. The TUs in the Pearl River Estuary was in the range of 0-0.09, suggesting there were no obvious toxic effects of pyrethroids on Hyalella azteca, and no ecological risk of pyrethroids in the Pearl River Estuary. Results from this study will provide a basis for controlling organic pollution and managing the aquatic environment in local fisheries.