CAJ | 학술논문

土壤线虫的生活史和功能多样性能够反映土壤健康质量和生态环境的演变，耕作措施的改变可能通过影响土壤环境进而影响土壤线虫的生活史和功能多样性，然而关于保护性耕作条件下土壤线虫成熟度及区系分析的研究，国内外尚鲜见报道。为了深入揭示土壤线虫对保护性耕作土壤生态环境变化的生物指示作用，以辽宁彰武县保护性耕作示范推广基地土壤为研究对象，通过实地调查和取样分析，对比研究了传统犁耕和6年保护性耕作（免耕秸秆覆盖）条件下的土壤线虫成熟度指数及区系分析。研究发现，与犁耕相比，保护性耕作显著降低了表层土壤自由生活线虫成熟指数MI、总成熟指数MMI、c-p值为2~5的自由生活线虫成熟指数MI2-5和总成熟指数MMI2-5，降低幅度分别为11%、9%、9%和10%，然而对植物寄生线虫成熟指数 PPI 以及 PPI/MI 比值的影响不明显。线虫区系分析结果表明，保护性耕作土壤线虫的富集指数 EI 和结构指数SI，比犁耕土壤分别显著降低56%和24%。保护性耕作造成的土壤pH降低和可能带来的土壤农药污染，可能是导致其上述影响的主要原因。简单相关分析和主成分分析结果证明，线虫成熟指数MI、MMI、MI2-5和MMI2-5以及结构指数SI与土壤pH关系密切。综上，土壤线虫生活史多样性和功能多样性对于揭示保护性耕作对土壤环境的影响具有良好的作用。
토양선충적생활사화공능다양성능구반영토양건강질량화생태배경적연변，경작조시적개변가능통과영향토양배경진이영향토양선충적생활사화공능다양성，연이관우보호성경작조건하토양선충성숙도급구계분석적연구，국내외상선견보도。위료심입게시토양선충대보호성경작토양생태배경변화적생물지시작용，이료녕창무현보호성경작시범추엄기지토양위연구대상，통과실지조사화취양분석，대비연구료전통리경화6년보호성경작（면경갈간복개）조건하적토양선충성숙도지수급구계분석。연구발현，여리경상비，보호성경작현저강저료표층토양자유생활선충성숙지수MI、총성숙지수MMI、c-p치위2~5적자유생활선충성숙지수MI2-5화총성숙지수MMI2-5，강저폭도분별위11%、9%、9%화10%，연이대식물기생선충성숙지수 PPI 이급 PPI/MI 비치적영향불명현。선충구계분석결과표명，보호성경작토양선충적부집지수 EI 화결구지수SI，비리경토양분별현저강저56%화24%。보호성경작조성적토양pH강저화가능대래적토양농약오염，가능시도치기상술영향적주요원인。간단상관분석화주성분분석결과증명，선충성숙지수MI、MMI、MI2-5화MMI2-5이급결구지수SI여토양pH관계밀절。종상，토양선충생활사다양성화공능다양성대우게시보호성경작대토양배경적영향구유량호적작용。
Soil nematode life history and functional diversity are thought to be useful for indicating soil health and environment changes. Changing tillage practices may affect soil nematode life history and functional diversity through altering soil environment. However, there are few reports on soil nematode maturity and faunal analysis under conservation tillage. In this paper, soil nematode maturity indices and faunal analysis were compared under traditional plow tillage (PT) and 6-yr conservation tillage of no-tillage with straw mulch (CT) in Zhangwu county of Liaoning Province, in order to examine effectiveness of soil nematode in indicating soil eco-environment change under conservation tillage. Obtained results showed that, the conservation tillage significantly decreased maturity indexes for free-living nematodes (MI, 11%), for total nematodes (MMI, 9%), for free-living nematodes with c-p values of 2-5 (MI2-5, 9%) and for total nematodes with c-p values of 2-5 (MMI2-5, 10%), as compared to plow tillage. Soil nematode faunal analysis suggested that, enrichment index EI and structure index SI were both significantly lower under the conservation tillage than under plow tillage. Soil acidification and possible soil pesticide pollution induced by the conservation tillage may be responsible for those effects. Simple linear correlation analysis and principle component analysis (PCA) conformed that maturity indices of MI, MMI, MI2-5 and MMI2-5 and structure index SI were closely correlated with soil pH and they can be good indicators for evaluating the conservation tillage effects on soil environmental quality.