解放军医学院学报
解放軍醫學院學報
해방군의학원학보
Academic Journal of Chinese Pla Medical School
2013年
9期
938-941,944
,共5页
徐先荣%汪斌如%张扬%翟丽红
徐先榮%汪斌如%張颺%翟麗紅
서선영%왕빈여%장양%적려홍
飞行员%耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科%疾病谱%医学鉴定
飛行員%耳鼻嚥喉-頭頸外科%疾病譜%醫學鑒定
비행원%이비인후-두경외과%질병보%의학감정
pilot%otorhinolaryngology-head and neck%disease spectrum%medical evaluation
目的：分析住院飞行人员耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(简称耳鼻喉科)疾病谱特点，为新时期航卫保障提供参考。方法从某医院住院飞行人员病历中抽取2002年1月-2011年12月耳鼻喉科疾病资料，建立疾病谱、对比分析歼(强)击机(A组)、运输(轰炸)机(B组)、直升机(C组)飞行人员的疾病特点，并与既往资料比较。结果10年间飞行人员因耳鼻喉科疾病住院共447例594例次(有的飞行人员同时或先后患2种以上疾病)，排前10位疾病的为慢性鼻炎-鼻窦炎、感音神经性聋、急性鼻炎、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome，OSAHS)、耳气压伤、甲状腺肿瘤、鼻中隔偏曲、眩晕、鼻窦囊肿、变应性鼻炎。急性鼻炎构成比B组高于A组(χ2=3.92，P＜0.05)；眩晕、严重飞行错觉、空晕病构成比A组高于B组(χ2=4.25，P＜0.05；χ2=12.87，P＜0.01；χ2=4.38，P＜0.05)；梅尼埃病C组高于A组和B组(χ2=4.80，P＜0.05；χ2=8.5，P＜0.01)。导致停飞的主要疾病为梅尼埃病、感音神经性聋、耳气压伤、眩晕、空晕病、严重飞行错觉等。结论住院飞行人员鼻科疾病占比高，但停飞主要为耳科疾病。与既往资料相比，住院疾病谱中耳气压伤的构成比呈下降趋势，而慢性鼻炎-鼻窦炎、感音神经性聋和OSAHS的构成比呈上升趋势。
目的：分析住院飛行人員耳鼻嚥喉頭頸外科(簡稱耳鼻喉科)疾病譜特點，為新時期航衛保障提供參攷。方法從某醫院住院飛行人員病歷中抽取2002年1月-2011年12月耳鼻喉科疾病資料，建立疾病譜、對比分析殲(彊)擊機(A組)、運輸(轟炸)機(B組)、直升機(C組)飛行人員的疾病特點，併與既往資料比較。結果10年間飛行人員因耳鼻喉科疾病住院共447例594例次(有的飛行人員同時或先後患2種以上疾病)，排前10位疾病的為慢性鼻炎-鼻竇炎、感音神經性聾、急性鼻炎、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜閤徵(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome，OSAHS)、耳氣壓傷、甲狀腺腫瘤、鼻中隔偏麯、眩暈、鼻竇囊腫、變應性鼻炎。急性鼻炎構成比B組高于A組(χ2=3.92，P＜0.05)；眩暈、嚴重飛行錯覺、空暈病構成比A組高于B組(χ2=4.25，P＜0.05；χ2=12.87，P＜0.01；χ2=4.38，P＜0.05)；梅尼埃病C組高于A組和B組(χ2=4.80，P＜0.05；χ2=8.5，P＜0.01)。導緻停飛的主要疾病為梅尼埃病、感音神經性聾、耳氣壓傷、眩暈、空暈病、嚴重飛行錯覺等。結論住院飛行人員鼻科疾病佔比高，但停飛主要為耳科疾病。與既往資料相比，住院疾病譜中耳氣壓傷的構成比呈下降趨勢，而慢性鼻炎-鼻竇炎、感音神經性聾和OSAHS的構成比呈上升趨勢。
목적：분석주원비행인원이비인후두경외과(간칭이비후과)질병보특점，위신시기항위보장제공삼고。방법종모의원주원비행인원병력중추취2002년1월-2011년12월이비후과질병자료，건립질병보、대비분석섬(강)격궤(A조)、운수(굉작)궤(B조)、직승궤(C조)비행인원적질병특점，병여기왕자료비교。결과10년간비행인원인이비후과질병주원공447례594례차(유적비행인원동시혹선후환2충이상질병)，배전10위질병적위만성비염-비두염、감음신경성롱、급성비염、조새성수면호흡잠정저통기종합정(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome，OSAHS)、이기압상、갑상선종류、비중격편곡、현훈、비두낭종、변응성비염。급성비염구성비B조고우A조(χ2=3.92，P＜0.05)；현훈、엄중비행착각、공훈병구성비A조고우B조(χ2=4.25，P＜0.05；χ2=12.87，P＜0.01；χ2=4.38，P＜0.05)；매니애병C조고우A조화B조(χ2=4.80，P＜0.05；χ2=8.5，P＜0.01)。도치정비적주요질병위매니애병、감음신경성롱、이기압상、현훈、공훈병、엄중비행착각등。결론주원비행인원비과질병점비고，단정비주요위이과질병。여기왕자료상비，주원질병보중이기압상적구성비정하강추세，이만성비염-비두염、감음신경성롱화OSAHS적구성비정상승추세。
Objective To provide the evidence for aeromedical support in the new period by analyzing the disease spectrum characteristics of pilots admitted to department of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Methods Disease spectrum was established using the clinical data about pilots admitted to department of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery of our hospital from January 2002 to December 2011. Fighter (attack) pilots, transporter (bomber) pilots, and helicopter pilots served as group A, group B, and group C, respectively, in this study. Their disease features were analyzed and compared with the past data. Results Four hundred and forty-seven pilots (594 cases/times) were admitted to our hospital due to ortohinolaryngologic diseases in the past 10 years. The top 10 diseases they suffered were chronic rhinosinusitis, sensorineural deafness, acute rhinitis, OSAHS, aural barotrauma, thyroid tumor, deviation of nasal septum, vertigo, nasal sinus cyst, allergic rhinitis. The incidence of acute rhinitis was higher in group B than in group A(χ2=3.92, P<0.05)whereas that of vertigo, serious flight illusion and airsickness was higher in group A than in group B (χ2=4.25, P<0.05;χ2=12.87, P<0.01;χ2=4.38, P<0.05)and that of meniere's disease was higher in group C than in groups A and B (χ2=4.80, P<0.05;χ2=8.50, P<0.01). The diseases that led to the pilots being grounded were Meniere's disease, sensorineural deafness, aural barotraumas, vertigo, airsickness, and serious flight illusion. Conclusion The admission rate of pilots due to ortohinolaryngologic diseases is high. However, otopathy is the major reason for pilots to be grounded. The incidence of aural barotraumas tends to decrease whereas that of chronic rhinosinusitis, sensorineural deafness, and OSAHS tends to increase as compared with the past data.
