CAJ | 학술논문

高土石坝在施工期心墙会产生超静孔隙水压力，且难以有效消散，蓄水后心墙从非稳定渗流状态到稳定渗流状态，因此，渗流特性异常复杂。目前，有限元方法进行渗流计算不能考虑施工期引起的孔隙水压力，因而不能完全了解土石坝的渗流特性。长河坝为砾石土心墙堆石坝，最大坝高为240 m。利用离心模型试验技术，通过分析长河坝施工期和运行期心墙的孔隙水压力的产生和消散变化规律研究大坝心墙的渗流特性。试验结果表明，心墙孔隙水压力经历施工时的增长期、竣工后的消散期、非稳定渗流时的增长期和消散期、稳定渗流时的稳定期5个阶段。心墙高程不同、填筑含水率不同，各阶段的孔隙水压力和历时也不同。心墙位置越高或填筑含水率越大，施工期孔隙水压力系数越大，形成稳定渗流所需时间越短。心墙位置越高或填筑含水率越小，心墙位势越大，非稳定渗流期心墙位势大于稳定渗流期。研究成果对高心墙堆石坝设计和施工具有指导意义。
고토석패재시공기심장회산생초정공극수압력，차난이유효소산，축수후심장종비은정삼류상태도은정삼류상태，인차，삼류특성이상복잡。목전，유한원방법진행삼류계산불능고필시공기인기적공극수압력，인이불능완전료해토석패적삼류특성。장하패위력석토심장퇴석패，최대패고위240 m。이용리심모형시험기술，통과분석장하패시공기화운행기심장적공극수압력적산생화소산변화규률연구대패심장적삼류특성。시험결과표명，심장공극수압력경력시공시적증장기、준공후적소산기、비은정삼류시적증장기화소산기、은정삼류시적은정기5개계단。심장고정불동、전축함수솔불동，각계단적공극수압력화력시야불동。심장위치월고혹전축함수솔월대，시공기공극수압력계수월대，형성은정삼류소수시간월단。심장위치월고혹전축함수솔월소，심장위세월대，비은정삼류기심장위세대우은정삼류기。연구성과대고심장퇴석패설계화시공구유지도의의。
Excess pore water pressure will be generated in the core during the construction of high rockfill dam, and it dissipates slowly. After water storage, the core will change the unsteady seepage state to the steady flow state;so the seepage characteristics are very complicated. The pore water pressure generated during construction can not be considered in the finite element method for seepage calculation;and the seepage characteristics of earth-rock dam can not be fully understood. Changhe Dam is a gravelly soil core rockfill dam, with maximum height of 240 m. Centrifuge modeling tests are carried out to study the seepage characteristics of Changhe Dam through analyzing the generation and dissipation of pore water pressure in construction and operation periods. Test results show that the pore water pressure would go through periods of generation in the construction, the dissipation after construction, the generation and dissipation in the unsteady seepage state, the stabilization in the steady seepage state. The pore water pressure and duration of each period are influenced by the position and filling water content of the core. The higher the position or filling water content of the core is, the larger the coefficient of pore water pressure during construction is, the shorter the duration of steady seepage is. The higher the position or smaller filling water content is, the larger the potential is. The potential in unsteady seepage state is larger than that in steady seepage state. It is instructive for design and construction of high core rockfill dam.