华北农学报
華北農學報
화북농학보
ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA
2013年
5期
149-156
,共8页
位国峰%刘义国%姜雯%张洪生%林琪%赵长星
位國峰%劉義國%薑雯%張洪生%林琪%趙長星
위국봉%류의국%강문%장홍생%림기%조장성
冬小麦%滴灌%光合%水分利用效率%产量
鼕小麥%滴灌%光閤%水分利用效率%產量
동소맥%적관%광합%수분이용효솔%산량
Winter wheat%Drip irrigation%Photosynthesis characteristic%Water use efficiency%Grain yield
以冬小麦青麦7号为材料，设置7个不同滴灌制度处理，即按照小麦生育期分别进行不灌水（ CK1）、漫灌（CK2）、滴1水（W1）、滴2水（W2）、滴3水（W3）、滴4水（W4）和滴5水（W5），初步研究了不同滴灌制度对冬小麦光合速率及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：与CK1和CK2相比，滴4水和滴5水花后旗叶SPAD值、净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）显著升高，胞间CO2浓度（Ci）显著降低；各滴灌处理中，花后0～30 d，随着滴灌次数的增加，小麦旗叶SPAD值、Pn、Gs和Tr表现为：W4＞W5＞W3＞W2＞W1，W4处理维持较高的光合速率；各处理之间产量差异显著，表现为：W4＞CK2＞W5＞W3＞W2＞W1＞CK1；滴4水的水分利用效率（22．23 kg/（mm·hm2）），显著高于其他处理。综合考虑光合及产量因素，在本半湿润易旱区条件下，以起身水＋拔节水＋开花水＋灌浆水（滴4水）为节水高产最优滴灌制度。
以鼕小麥青麥7號為材料，設置7箇不同滴灌製度處理，即按照小麥生育期分彆進行不灌水（ CK1）、漫灌（CK2）、滴1水（W1）、滴2水（W2）、滴3水（W3）、滴4水（W4）和滴5水（W5），初步研究瞭不同滴灌製度對鼕小麥光閤速率及水分利用效率的影響。結果錶明：與CK1和CK2相比，滴4水和滴5水花後旂葉SPAD值、淨光閤速率（Pn）、氣孔導度（Gs）和蒸騰速率（Tr）顯著升高，胞間CO2濃度（Ci）顯著降低；各滴灌處理中，花後0～30 d，隨著滴灌次數的增加，小麥旂葉SPAD值、Pn、Gs和Tr錶現為：W4＞W5＞W3＞W2＞W1，W4處理維持較高的光閤速率；各處理之間產量差異顯著，錶現為：W4＞CK2＞W5＞W3＞W2＞W1＞CK1；滴4水的水分利用效率（22．23 kg/（mm·hm2）），顯著高于其他處理。綜閤攷慮光閤及產量因素，在本半濕潤易旱區條件下，以起身水＋拔節水＋開花水＋灌漿水（滴4水）為節水高產最優滴灌製度。
이동소맥청맥7호위재료，설치7개불동적관제도처리，즉안조소맥생육기분별진행불관수（ CK1）、만관（CK2）、적1수（W1）、적2수（W2）、적3수（W3）、적4수（W4）화적5수（W5），초보연구료불동적관제도대동소맥광합속솔급수분이용효솔적영향。결과표명：여CK1화CK2상비，적4수화적5수화후기협SPAD치、정광합속솔（Pn）、기공도도（Gs）화증등속솔（Tr）현저승고，포간CO2농도（Ci）현저강저；각적관처리중，화후0～30 d，수착적관차수적증가，소맥기협SPAD치、Pn、Gs화Tr표현위：W4＞W5＞W3＞W2＞W1，W4처리유지교고적광합속솔；각처리지간산량차이현저，표현위：W4＞CK2＞W5＞W3＞W2＞W1＞CK1；적4수적수분이용효솔（22．23 kg/（mm·hm2）），현저고우기타처리。종합고필광합급산량인소，재본반습윤역한구조건하，이기신수＋발절수＋개화수＋관장수（적4수）위절수고산최우적관제도。
The North China Plain ( NCP) is a major agricultural area in China ,especially for wheat and corn production .However ,crop yield in this area is often restricted by water shortage and uneven distribution of precipita-tion.Water-saving technique is one of the most important components in wheat cultivation system in this area .The purpose of this study was to optimize drip irrigation system for high photosynthesis and water use efficiency (WUE) in wheat .The field experiments was conducted with the cultivar of Qingmai 7 in the field at the agricultural experi-ment station of Qingdao agricultural university in Jiaozhou city (36°16′N,120°04′E),Qingdao,Shandong,China in 2011-2012 growing seasons .According to different drip irrigation amount and irrigation stage ,we set seven treat-ments in the experiment,which were in turn:no drip irrigation(CK1),surface irrigation at over winter stage ,raising stage,jointing stage and filling stage(CK2),drip irrigation at jointing stage(W1),drip irrigation at jointing stage and filling stage(W2),drip irrigation at jointing stage,anthesis stage and filling stage(W3),drip irrigation at rai-sing stage ,jointing stage ,anthesis stage and filling stage ( W4 ) and drip irrigation at raising stage ,jointing stage ,an-thesis stage,filling stage and medium-filling stage(W5),respectively.And each time the drip irrigation amount was 30 mm and the surface irrigation amount was 60 mm.The results of this experiment showed that ,compared to the CK1 and CK2 ,drip irrigation treatments W4 and W5 significantly increased the SPAD value , photosynthesis rate , stomatal conductance and transportation rate of flag leaf .Besides ,with the increase in drip irrigation water amount , the SPAD value ,photosynthesis rate ,stomatal conductance and transportation rate was in the order W 4>W5>W3 The North China Plain ( NCP) is a major agricultural area in China ,especially for wheat and corn production .However ,crop yield in this area is often restricted by water shortage and uneven distribution of precipita-tion.Water-saving technique is one of the most important components in wheat cultivation system in this area .The purpose of this study was to optimize drip irrigation system for high photosynthesis and water use efficiency (WUE) in wheat .The field experiments was conducted with the cultivar of Qingmai 7 in the field at the agricultural experi-ment station of Qingdao agricultural university in Jiaozhou city (36°16′N,120°04′E),Qingdao,Shandong,China in 2011-2012 growing seasons .According to different drip irrigation amount and irrigation stage ,we set seven treat-ments in the experiment,which were in turn:no drip irrigation(CK1),surface irrigation at over winter stage ,raising stage,jointing stage and filling stage(CK2),drip irrigation at jointing stage(W1),drip irrigation at jointing stage and filling stage(W2),drip irrigation at jointing stage,anthesis stage and filling stage(W3),drip irrigation at rai-sing stage ,jointing stage ,anthesis stage and filling stage ( W4 ) and drip irrigation at raising stage ,jointing stage ,an-thesis stage,filling stage and medium-filling stage(W5),respectively.And each time the drip irrigation amount was 30 mm and the surface irrigation amount was 60 mm.The results of this experiment showed that ,compared to the CK1 and CK2 ,drip irrigation treatments W4 and W5 significantly increased the SPAD value , photosynthesis rate , stomatal conductance and transportation rate of flag leaf .Besides ,with the increase in drip irrigation water amount , the SPAD value ,photosynthesis rate ,stomatal conductance and transportation rate was in the order W 4>W5>W3>W2>W1 from 0 to 30 days after anthesis .The yield of all the treatments had significant difference and the result was W4>CK2>W5>W3>W2>W1>CK1 and the water use efficiency of W 4 was significantly the highest com-pared with other treatments.Under the conditions of semi-humid and arid regions,irrigated at raising,jointing,an-thesis and grain filling stages was the optimal drip irrigation system considering the grain yield ,photosynthesis char-acteristic and the water use efficiency .
