CAJ | 학술논문

以北疆常年膜下滴灌棉田为研究对象，分析棉花整个生育过程中土壤温度变化对棉田水盐运移规律的影响，并对灌溉制度进行优化调整。研究结果表明：土壤温度随着气温的升高而升高，降低而降低，气温影响作用随着土壤深度的增加而减弱，滞后时间随着深度的增加而延长；8月份之前，土壤温度自上而下呈递减分布，随着土壤温度的升高，土壤水分扩散率不断增大，土壤持水能力不断降低，造成5～60 cm 处土壤含水率降低，而90～150 cm 处土壤含水率增高，导致5 cm 和90～150 cm 处土壤盐分相对增高；8月份之后，随着土壤温度的降低，土壤温度分布发生变化，土壤水分扩散率不断减小，土壤持水能力不断增强，土壤水分蒸腾降低，渗漏减小，各层土壤含水率相对保持较高，各层土壤含盐率相对保持较低；在灌溉定额不变的条件下，在5、6月份相对减小灌水定额，7月和8月份相对减小灌水周期、增加灌水定额，8月之后相对增加灌水周期、减小灌水定额，在生育期末，通过穿插灌水，加大灌水定额，对土壤洗盐、抑盐有着明显的作用。
이북강상년막하적관면전위연구대상，분석면화정개생육과정중토양온도변화대면전수염운이규률적영향，병대관개제도진행우화조정。연구결과표명：토양온도수착기온적승고이승고，강저이강저，기온영향작용수착토양심도적증가이감약，체후시간수착심도적증가이연장；8월빈지전，토양온도자상이하정체감분포，수착토양온도적승고，토양수분확산솔불단증대，토양지수능력불단강저，조성5～60 cm 처토양함수솔강저，이90～150 cm 처토양함수솔증고，도치5 cm 화90～150 cm 처토양염분상대증고；8월빈지후，수착토양온도적강저，토양온도분포발생변화，토양수분확산솔불단감소，토양지수능력불단증강，토양수분증등강저，삼루감소，각층토양함수솔상대보지교고，각층토양함염솔상대보지교저；재관개정액불변적조건하，재5、6월빈상대감소관수정액，7월화8월빈상대감소관수주기、증가관수정액，8월지후상대증가관수주기、감소관수정액，재생육기말，통과천삽관수，가대관수정액，대토양세염、억염유착명현적작용。
In this paper taking the cotton field in northern Xinjiang under perennial drip irrigation below membrane as the research object ,has discussed the effects of the soil temperature change to the soil water and salt moving rule in cotton field during whole growth period ,also carried out the optimal adjustment for the irrigation schedule .The research results showed that :The soil temperature will be increased with the air temperature rise ,reduced with the air temperature decrease .But the air temperature impacting function will be attenuated with the soil depth increasing ,also the lag time will be extended with the depth increases .Before August ,the soil temperature showed a decreasing distribution from top to bottom ,with the increase of soil temperature ,the soil water diffusivity kept a unceasing increase ,the soil water-hold-ing capacity kept a unceasing decrease ,so caused the soil water content decrease at 5 to 60 cm ,while the soil water con-tent increased at 90 to 150 cm ,resulted in the soil salinity was relatively higher at 5 cm and 90 to 150 cm .After August , with the decrease of the soil temperature ,the distribution of soil temperature occurred change .The soil water diffusivity kept unceasing decrease and the soil water-holding capacity kept unceasing increase .The transpiration of soil moisture re-duced and deep percolation decreased .The moisture content in each soil layer was kept relatively higher and the soil salinity in each soil layer was kept relatively lower .Under the condition of unchanged irrigation quota ,in May and June , relatively reduce the irrigation quota ,but in July and August ,relatively diminish the irrigation interval and increase the irrigation quota .After August ,relatively increase the irrigation interval ,reduce the irrigation quota ,at the end of growth period ,increase the irrigation quota ,which has a significant role for washing soil’s salt and suppression of soil salinity .