寄生虫与医学昆虫学报
寄生蟲與醫學昆蟲學報
기생충여의학곤충학보
ACTA PARASITOLOGICA ET MEDICA ENTOMOLOGICA SINICA
2013年
3期
162-169
,共8页
葛军旗%龚正达%栗冬梅%刘起勇%和耀兰
葛軍旂%龔正達%慄鼕梅%劉起勇%和耀蘭
갈군기%공정체%률동매%류기용%화요란
蚤类%哺乳动物%物种多样性%自然风景区%香格里拉
蚤類%哺乳動物%物種多樣性%自然風景區%香格裏拉
조류%포유동물%물충다양성%자연풍경구%향격리랍
Sphonaptera%Mammals%Species diversity%Natural landscape area%Shangri-La
蚤类是传播多种自然疫源性疾病的重要媒介昆虫,人类在自然风景区户外活动时存在被其叮咬而感染虫媒传染病的风险。为了解云南香格里拉县主要山地自然风景区蚤类的多样性状况,2005年秋,我们选择了虎跳峡、哈巴雪山、白水台、千湖山和红山5个不同海拔高度的自然风景区为调查研究的空间范围,应用夹线法捕小型兽类并收集其体表寄生蚤类进行调查取样,对蚤类多样性、群落相似性和蚤类与宿主关系进行了测度和比较研究。结果显示:(1)共捕获蚤类633只,隶属4科19属34种,其中发现云南省1新纪录属及种(喜马狭蚤Stenoponia himalayana),当地新纪录蚤类10种(亚种),显示当地山地自然风景区内蚤种丰富;(2)红山和千湖山景区蚤种丰富度较高(各18种)和物种多样性也较高(分别为2.50和2.18),而虎跳峡景区捕获的蚤类丰富度(8种)和物种多样性指数(1.79)最低,蚤类物种丰富度和Shannon-Wienor指数均随着景区海拔的升高呈递增趋势;(3)综合分析Jaccard指数和聚类分析的结果,5个风景区被划为虎跳峡-哈巴雪山-白水台、千湖山-红山两个类型,相对植被和水湿条件而言,人为干扰或是导致这一结果更重要的原因;(4)5个自然风景区蚤类群落与宿主群落丰富度的Spearman秩相关系数为0.24, Shannon-Wiener指数的Spearman秩相关系数为0.60,显示5个景区的蚤类多样性与宿主多样性无相关。
蚤類是傳播多種自然疫源性疾病的重要媒介昆蟲,人類在自然風景區戶外活動時存在被其叮咬而感染蟲媒傳染病的風險。為瞭解雲南香格裏拉縣主要山地自然風景區蚤類的多樣性狀況,2005年鞦,我們選擇瞭虎跳峽、哈巴雪山、白水檯、韆湖山和紅山5箇不同海拔高度的自然風景區為調查研究的空間範圍,應用夾線法捕小型獸類併收集其體錶寄生蚤類進行調查取樣,對蚤類多樣性、群落相似性和蚤類與宿主關繫進行瞭測度和比較研究。結果顯示:(1)共捕穫蚤類633隻,隸屬4科19屬34種,其中髮現雲南省1新紀錄屬及種(喜馬狹蚤Stenoponia himalayana),噹地新紀錄蚤類10種(亞種),顯示噹地山地自然風景區內蚤種豐富;(2)紅山和韆湖山景區蚤種豐富度較高(各18種)和物種多樣性也較高(分彆為2.50和2.18),而虎跳峽景區捕穫的蚤類豐富度(8種)和物種多樣性指數(1.79)最低,蚤類物種豐富度和Shannon-Wienor指數均隨著景區海拔的升高呈遞增趨勢;(3)綜閤分析Jaccard指數和聚類分析的結果,5箇風景區被劃為虎跳峽-哈巴雪山-白水檯、韆湖山-紅山兩箇類型,相對植被和水濕條件而言,人為榦擾或是導緻這一結果更重要的原因;(4)5箇自然風景區蚤類群落與宿主群落豐富度的Spearman秩相關繫數為0.24, Shannon-Wiener指數的Spearman秩相關繫數為0.60,顯示5箇景區的蚤類多樣性與宿主多樣性無相關。
조류시전파다충자연역원성질병적중요매개곤충,인류재자연풍경구호외활동시존재피기정교이감염충매전염병적풍험。위료해운남향격리랍현주요산지자연풍경구조류적다양성상황,2005년추,아문선택료호도협、합파설산、백수태、천호산화홍산5개불동해발고도적자연풍경구위조사연구적공간범위,응용협선법포소형수류병수집기체표기생조류진행조사취양,대조류다양성、군락상사성화조류여숙주관계진행료측도화비교연구。결과현시:(1)공포획조류633지,대속4과19속34충,기중발현운남성1신기록속급충(희마협조Stenoponia himalayana),당지신기록조류10충(아충),현시당지산지자연풍경구내조충봉부;(2)홍산화천호산경구조충봉부도교고(각18충)화물충다양성야교고(분별위2.50화2.18),이호도협경구포획적조류봉부도(8충)화물충다양성지수(1.79)최저,조류물충봉부도화Shannon-Wienor지수균수착경구해발적승고정체증추세;(3)종합분석Jaccard지수화취류분석적결과,5개풍경구피화위호도협-합파설산-백수태、천호산-홍산량개류형,상대식피화수습조건이언,인위간우혹시도치저일결과경중요적원인;(4)5개자연풍경구조류군락여숙주군락봉부도적Spearman질상관계수위0.24, Shannon-Wiener지수적Spearman질상관계수위0.60,현시5개경구적조류다양성여숙주다양성무상관。
Fleas are considered as the most common and important external parasites on small mammals , which can spread a variety of viral, bacterial and rickettsial diseases to humans, such as bubonic plague and typhus.Investigation of flea fauna is an important work in natural landscape area for their biting on visitors which may raise the risk of spreading vector-borne diseases.To investigate the flea fauna and distinguish the differences among different natural landscape areas, researches were performed during autumn of 2005 in five main mountain areas: Hutiao Gorge, Haba Snow Mountain, Baishuitai Terraces, Qianhu Mountain and Red mountain.The results showed: (1) A total of 633 fleas identified as 34 species belonging to 4 genera and 19 families were collected from small rodents trapped , including 10 new recorded species (subspecies) in Shangri-La, among which Stenoponia and Stenoponia himalayana are first trapped in Yunnan province, implying that there existed abundant species of fleas in natural landscape areas in Shangri-La.(2) Both the species richness and Shannon-Wienor index of fleas increased along with the increase of altitude, which were highest in Red mountain with an altitude of 3 500-4 200 m, and lowest in Hutiao Gorge with an altitude of 1 800-1 900 m.(3) The 5 natural landscape areas were classified into two groups based on the Jaccard indexes and cluster analysis, one is Hutiao Gorge, Haba Snow Mountain and Baishuitai Terraces, another one is Qianhu Mountain and Red mountain.It is indicated that, compared with the vegetation and humidity , human disturbance may play a more important role in flea diversity of natural landscape areas . (4) Both the species richness and Shannon-Wienor index of fleas showed no relation with that of small mammal, the Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were 0.24 and 0.60, respectively.