CAJ | 학술논문

《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国涉外民事关系法律适用法〉若干问题的解释（一）》第一条以“法律关系要素说”为基础理论，对涉外民事关系的界定做了明确规定。“法律关系要素说”界定方法给法官实际操作以简化直观等益处，但也存在客观连结点指标易引发隐性的法律规避、虚假涉外的无法排除、形式涉内但实质涉外案件的无法纳入等隐患。虽然引入了自由裁量权，但缺乏适用标准，带给实践的将是无法操作或被滥用的硬伤。对涉外民事关系的界定应将规则与方法辩证统一，对自由裁量权给予合理限制，赋予当事人异议的权利。
《최고인민법원관우괄용〈중화인민공화국섭외민사관계법률괄용법〉약간문제적해석（일）》제일조이“법률관계요소설”위기출이론，대섭외민사관계적계정주료명학규정。“법률관계요소설”계정방법급법관실제조작이간화직관등익처，단야존재객관련결점지표역인발은성적법률규피、허가섭외적무법배제、형식섭내단실질섭외안건적무법납입등은환。수연인입료자유재량권，단결핍괄용표준，대급실천적장시무법조작혹피람용적경상。대섭외민사관계적계정응장규칙여방법변증통일，대자유재량권급여합리한제，부여당사인이의적권리。
The definition of the“Foreign Elements”in the Foreign-related Civil Relations has been defined by the Supreme People’s Court on the basis of “Essentials of Legal Relations” in the Item One of the First Judicial Interpretation of the Law of the Application of Law for Foreign-Related Civil Relations of the People’s Republic of China. The“Essentials of Legal Relations”empowers judges with a simplified practical operation, but it has some hidden risks. For example, due to objective linking points, it will bring hidden legal evasions and fake foreign affairs that cannot be excluded. And it also cannot include the situations that real foreign-related cases are formally internally related cases. Although the discretionary power can solve some problems, but in practice it is not operable or often abused for lack of a reasonable limit. Therefore, the definition of foreign related civil relations must unite the rules and methods, put a reasonable limit to the discretionary power and give the parties the right to express dissent.