CAJ | 학술논문

[目的]以新疆天山北坡昌吉市郊区散养和规模化奶牛养殖场为对象，对奶牛体况、环境压力、牛体污染、乳房炎、血液性状等健康指标进行了调查分析。[方法]选择奶牛散养户5户和规模化奶牛养殖场的干奶期、泌乳初期和泌乳中期奶牛，分别于冬季和夏季进行体况、环境压力、乳房炎、血液性状等健康指标的测定与分析。[结果]干奶牛体况值略低于奶牛体况评分的理想值（3.5）；奶牛呼吸数夏季增加，超过50次/min；规模化奶牛养殖场的污染程度比散养户要高，尤其是冬季50%以上奶牛的牛体污染评价值高于3。规模化奶牛养殖场的奶牛乳房炎发病率达40%，并发现了感染金黄色葡萄球菌的病例。低血糖奶牛占一半以上，特别是干奶期比较突出。血液Alb和BUN偏低，干奶期牛群的BUN大多低于7 mg/dL。血液中谷草转氨酶（AST）偏高，谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）偏低，Ca含量正常，Mg含量较低。[结论]规模化奶牛养殖场存在干奶期奶牛能量及蛋白质不足；冬季环境恶劣并且污染程度较重，牛体污染及乳房炎发病率高；飞节损伤引起的肝功能衰退等现象，需要改进。
[목적]이신강천산북파창길시교구산양화규모화내우양식장위대상，대내우체황、배경압력、우체오염、유방염、혈액성상등건강지표진행료조사분석。[방법]선택내우산양호5호화규모화내우양식장적간내기、비유초기화비유중기내우，분별우동계화하계진행체황、배경압력、유방염、혈액성상등건강지표적측정여분석。[결과]간내우체황치략저우내우체황평분적이상치（3.5）；내우호흡수하계증가，초과50차/min；규모화내우양식장적오염정도비산양호요고，우기시동계50%이상내우적우체오염평개치고우3。규모화내우양식장적내우유방염발병솔체40%，병발현료감염금황색포도구균적병례。저혈당내우점일반이상，특별시간내기비교돌출。혈액Alb화BUN편저，간내기우군적BUN대다저우7 mg/dL。혈액중곡초전안매（AST）편고，곡안선전태매（GGT）편저，Ca함량정상，Mg함량교저。[결론]규모화내우양식장존재간내기내우능량급단백질불족；동계배경악렬병차오염정도교중，우체오염급유방염발병솔고；비절손상인기적간공능쇠퇴등현상，수요개진。
[Objective] The scatter-fed and large-scale dairy farm in Changji suburbs of Xinjiang on the north slope of Tianshan were used as research objects to investigate the body condition,breeding environment, hygine score and mastitis, blood characteristics and other health condition of dairy cows. [Method] The dairy cows in dry period, early lactating period and middle lactating period from 5 households and large-scale dairy farms were selected to determine the body condition,breeding environment,mastitis and blood characteristics and other health conditions in winter and summer respectively. [Result] Body condition of dairy cows in dry period was slightly lower than the ideal score of body condition (3.5). The breathing times of dairy cows in summer increased, up to 50 times per minute. The pollution level of large-scale dairy farms was higher than the scatter-fed cows. Especially in winter the pollution evaluation value of more than 50%of dairy cows were higher than 3. The incidence rate of mastitis in large-scale dairy farms reached 40%,and Staphylococcus aureus cases were found. More than 50%dairy cows were at low level of blood sugar, and it was especially obvious. Alb and BUN levels in blood were lower and BUN content in dairy cows in dry period was mostly lower than 7 mg/dL. AST level in blood was higher,and GGT level was lower. Ca concentration was in the normal range, and Mg concentration in blood was low. [Conclusion] The energy and protein levels were insufficient in dairy cows in dry period in large-scale dairy farm. The breeding environment in winter was poor,which caused body pollution and high incidence of mastitis of dairy cows. The phenomenon such as liver function injury caused by hock wound needed to be improved.