CAJ | 학술논문

茶园杂草是影响茶叶产量和品质的有害生物因素，调查研究其发生规律可以为制定有效防治措施提供理论依据。为了揭示茶树种植年限的长短对茶园杂草生长的影响，分别于2011年、2012年的4月、10月调查了江苏省金坛市不同树龄茶园的春、秋季杂草的种类、数量、高度，分析了茶树种植年限的长短对杂草种类组成与生物多样性的影响。结果表明：随着茶树种植年限的延长，生境和人工管理资源的影响存在差异的情况下，不同树龄茶园杂草群落的科、属、种组成差异显著，群落结构存在明显分化。其中，成年茶园杂草种类丰富，多年生杂草比例明显高于幼龄茶园，春季的成年茶园杂草群落为一年蓬＋菵草＋猪殃殃＋婆婆纳＋繁缕＋簇生卷耳，幼龄茶园的杂草群落为菵草＋一年蓬＋荠菜＋小飞蓬＋猪殃殃。与幼龄茶园相比，成年茶园春季杂草物种的丰富度、均匀度指数和多样性指数均高于幼龄茶园，杂草群落优势度指数明显低于幼龄茶园，成年茶园春季杂草的主要种较多，群落的结构复杂且稳定，对环境的变化或来自物种群落内部种群波动的缓冲作用强；虽然幼龄茶园春季杂草物种不多，但杂草优势种突出，因此也容易发生严重危害。秋季成年茶园的杂草群落为马唐＋牛筋草＋一年蓬＋小旱稗＋铁苋菜＋小飞蓬＋爵床，幼龄茶园的杂草群落为马唐＋牛筋草＋虮子草＋小旱稗＋一年蓬＋碎米莎草＋铁苋菜＋马齿苋。由此可以看出，成年茶园秋季杂草的物种丰富度、优势度指数和多样性指数均高于幼龄茶园，杂草群落均匀度指数略低于幼龄茶园，其群落发生危害的均衡性差，因此容易发生较重危害。
다완잡초시영향다협산량화품질적유해생물인소，조사연구기발생규률가이위제정유효방치조시제공이론의거。위료게시다수충식년한적장단대다완잡초생장적영향，분별우2011년、2012년적4월、10월조사료강소성금단시불동수령다완적춘、추계잡초적충류、수량、고도，분석료다수충식년한적장단대잡초충류조성여생물다양성적영향。결과표명：수착다수충식년한적연장，생경화인공관리자원적영향존재차이적정황하，불동수령다완잡초군락적과、속、충조성차이현저，군락결구존재명현분화。기중，성년다완잡초충류봉부，다년생잡초비례명현고우유령다완，춘계적성년다완잡초군락위일년봉＋망초＋저앙앙＋파파납＋번루＋족생권이，유령다완적잡초군락위망초＋일년봉＋제채＋소비봉＋저앙앙。여유령다완상비，성년다완춘계잡초물충적봉부도、균균도지수화다양성지수균고우유령다완，잡초군락우세도지수명현저우유령다완，성년다완춘계잡초적주요충교다，군락적결구복잡차은정，대배경적변화혹래자물충군락내부충군파동적완충작용강；수연유령다완춘계잡초물충불다，단잡초우세충돌출，인차야용역발생엄중위해。추계성년다완적잡초군락위마당＋우근초＋일년봉＋소한패＋철현채＋소비봉＋작상，유령다완적잡초군락위마당＋우근초＋기자초＋소한패＋일년봉＋쇄미사초＋철현채＋마치현。유차가이간출，성년다완추계잡초적물충봉부도、우세도지수화다양성지수균고우유령다완，잡초군락균균도지수략저우유령다완，기군락발생위해적균형성차，인차용역발생교중위해。
Weed infestation of tea gardens is an adverse biotic factor that influences tea yield and quality .Determination of the occurrence patterns of weeds can provide fundamental information for establishment of effective control measures . To reveal the effects of plantation age on weeds growth in tea gardens ,we investigated the species ,density and height of weeds in different age tea gardens in Jintan City of Jiangsu Province during April and October in 2011 and 2012 ,and ana-lysed the effect of growing years of tea trees on species composition and biodiversity of weeds .With the extension of cult-ivation years ,habitat and artificial management affect-ed family,genera and species composition of weeds in tea gardens;the community structure also exhibited evident differentiation .The weeds species in adult tea gardens was plentiful , and the proportion of perennial weeds was significantly higher than in young tea gar-dens.In the spring,the weed community of adult teagardens was composed by Erigeron annuus+Beckmannia syzigachne+Galium aparine+Veronica didyma+Stellaria media+Xanthium sibiricum,and that of young tea gardens consisted of Beckmannia syzigachne +Erigeron annuus+Capsella bursa-pastoris+Conyza canadnsis+Galium aparine.Abundance of spring weed species ,evenness index and diversity in-dex in adult tea gardens were higher than in young tea gardens ,while the community superiority index in adult tea gardens was obviously lower than in young tea gardens .Main species of spring weeds in adult gardens were abundant ,community structure was stable and complicated ,and buffer effect on environmental change or population fluctuation in species com -munity was strong .Although spring weed species were not abundant in young tea gardens , the dominant weeds species were outstanding ,so serious damage easily occur .The weeds community of adult tea gardens in autumn were Digitaria sanguinalis+Eleusine indica+Erigeron annuus+Echinochloa crusgalli var.austro -japonensis+Acalypha australis +Conyza canadensis+Rostellularia procumbens,and the corresponding community of young tea gardens was composed by Digitaria sanguinalis+Eleusine indica+Leptochloa panicea+Echinochloa crusgalli var.austro-japonensis+Erigeron an-nuus+Cyperus iria+Acalypha australis+Portulaca oleracea.Species richness,dominance index and diversity index of autumn weeds in adult tea gardens were higher than in young tea gardens ,the evenness index of the weed community was also slightly lower than in the young tea gardens;the balance was poor when damage occurred in the community ,so serious damage was likely to occur .