CAJ | 학술논문

目的：采用功率、蹬频和速度对运动员在三个自行车场地短距离项目比赛中的专项体能变化进行分析，探讨运用运动学指标进行短距离项目战术分析的方法。方法：在两名男子运动员的场地自行车上安装无线SRM功率测试仪，对其在2011年全国场地自行车冠军赛第一、二站的争先赛、竞速赛和凯林赛全程的功率、频率和速度进行采集，采样频率设为0?5 sec。赛后采用SRMWin软件下载测试数据并选取有效数据进行分析，评价指标包括功率、频率和速度的最大值、平均值、即刻值，并计算总功率。结果：（1）在冠军赛第一站竞速赛中，三道队员在第二圈跟骑的即刻功率较低，而在第三圈一开始，即刻功率从300 W 提升到700 W以上，且全程维持较好；但在第二站竞速赛中，该运动员跟骑两圈平均功率较高，并在第三圈出现即刻频率的持续降低；（2）在第二站冠军赛争先资格赛中，运动员200 m 计时区内平均功率和频率明显高于第一站，且第二站比赛中的全力加速起始位置稍有延后；（3）凯林赛中运动员在摩托车牵引四圈与最后两圈中所作的总功率相差不大；随着摩托牵引速度加快，靠后的跟骑位置的跟骑圈平均功率明显较高。牵引托车牵引四圈与最后两圈中所作的总功率相差不大；随着摩托牵引速度的增加，位置靠后的跟骑圈平均功率也相应增加。结论：竞速赛中，运动员原地起动和跟骑环节的骑行质量决定了能否有效节省体能，从而影响单圈和总成绩；争先赛资格赛中，运动员应选择合适的加速位置，以保证最大能力骑行出现在200 m 有效计时区内；凯林赛中，运动员在摩托牵引预骑阶段要尽量节省体能，从而在决胜圈中发挥出最大的运动能力。
목적：채용공솔、등빈화속도대운동원재삼개자행차장지단거리항목비새중적전항체능변화진행분석，탐토운용운동학지표진행단거리항목전술분석적방법。방법：재량명남자운동원적장지자행차상안장무선SRM공솔측시의，대기재2011년전국장지자행차관군새제일、이참적쟁선새、경속새화개림새전정적공솔、빈솔화속도진행채집，채양빈솔설위0?5 sec。새후채용SRMWin연건하재측시수거병선취유효수거진행분석，평개지표포괄공솔、빈솔화속도적최대치、평균치、즉각치，병계산총공솔。결과：（1）재관군새제일참경속새중，삼도대원재제이권근기적즉각공솔교저，이재제삼권일개시，즉각공솔종300 W 제승도700 W이상，차전정유지교호；단재제이참경속새중，해운동원근기량권평균공솔교고，병재제삼권출현즉각빈솔적지속강저；（2）재제이참관군새쟁선자격새중，운동원200 m 계시구내평균공솔화빈솔명현고우제일참，차제이참비새중적전력가속기시위치초유연후；（3）개림새중운동원재마탁차견인사권여최후량권중소작적총공솔상차불대；수착마탁견인속도가쾌，고후적근기위치적근기권평균공솔명현교고。견인탁차견인사권여최후량권중소작적총공솔상차불대；수착마탁견인속도적증가，위치고후적근기권평균공솔야상응증가。결론：경속새중，운동원원지기동화근기배절적기행질량결정료능부유효절성체능，종이영향단권화총성적；쟁선새자격새중，운동원응선택합괄적가속위치，이보증최대능력기행출현재200 m 유효계시구내；개림새중，운동원재마탁견인예기계단요진량절성체능，종이재결성권중발휘출최대적운동능력。
Objective:The chief aim of the present work is to investigate the kinematic features of three events of track-sprinted cycling,which can help to analyze the tac-tic performances of cyclists in competitions. Methods:Three events of track-sprinted cycling ( including Sprint, Keirin and Team sprint) of two male cyclist during the 1 st and 2 nd China Cup were monitored using a mobile power measurement device ( SRM Training system, Julich, Ger-many),which recorded direct power output,cadence and speed. The sampling rate of Powermeter was set at 0?5sec. Data were processed according to the standard procedure with the software of SRMWin, and the instant power,cadence and speed( IP,IC and IV) were checked to find the maximal data( MP,MC and MV) and to calcu-late the mean one( AP,AC and AV) and the total power (TP). Results:At first,the IP of the third rider in Team sprint of the 1 st China Cup could keep lower in the second drafting lap,which ensured his IP increased from 300W to 700W and kept his IC at high level in the final lap. How-ever,the last-lap?s IC of the rider in the 2ndChina Cup de-creased continuously because of the high AP in the draft-ing laps. In the second, the accelerating position in the 200 m qualification of Sprint in the 2 nd China Cup was put off compared with the 1st China Cup,which may lead to the more AP and AC in the 200m distance. Thirdly,there was no difference in the TP between the four-lap?s drafting riding behind motorcycle and the two-lap?s decisive rid- ing. Moreover, the drafting position which was farer from the motorcycle would cause the more energy consumption, especially when the speed of motorcycle was higher. Con-clusions:The research we have done suggests that the technique of starting and drafting of the 3 rd rider in Team sprint will affect the time results due to the riding efficien-cy. In the 200m qualification of Sprint, riders need to choose the proper accelerating position before the start line to keep maximal riding speed in 200 m time trial dis-tance. Riders can exert the maximal riding capacity in the decisive laps through the efficient drafting riding behind motorcycle in Keirin.