CAJ | 학술논문

为研究降雨条件对顺层边坡坡体内部力学响应特征的影响，结合叠加喷洒降雨技术和光纤光栅监测技术，开展不同降雨类型及支护条件下顺层边坡的地质力学模型试验，分析雨水入渗对于坡体位移、孔压力以及支护结构受力的影响等。试验结果表明，对于无支护边坡，在短时间暴雨条件下，位移和孔压力变化主要发生在降雨期间的坡体表层附近，坡体表层前端处雨后位移的增幅较大且孔压力的消散较快，坡体稳定性的主要影响因素是超孔压的累聚和消散；在长时间小雨条件下，位移和孔压力的影响范围逐渐向深部扩展，雨后位移仍保持较大的增长速率但孔压力消散较慢，坡体稳定性的主要影响因素是雨水入渗软化软弱夹层。相对于无支护边坡，有支护边坡的坡体位移和孔压力均显著减小，这主要是由于支护结构的施加限制坡体表面裂缝的扩展，从而减弱雨水的入渗，在总降雨量相同的情况下，短时间暴雨条件时支护结构的受力较快达到稳定，长时间小雨条件下支护结构的受力调整的速率较慢，在降雨试验结束6h后，坡体前端推力最大值出现的位置不同，前者最大值出现在顶层，后者最大值出现在中层，且后者相应位置处的数值是前者的1.5～1.7倍。试验成果对于类似边坡工程的施工设计及加固维护具有参考意义。
위연구강우조건대순층변파파체내부역학향응특정적영향，결합첩가분쇄강우기술화광섬광책감측기술，개전불동강우류형급지호조건하순층변파적지질역학모형시험，분석우수입삼대우파체위이、공압력이급지호결구수력적영향등。시험결과표명，대우무지호변파，재단시간폭우조건하，위이화공압력변화주요발생재강우기간적파체표층부근，파체표층전단처우후위이적증폭교대차공압력적소산교쾌，파체은정성적주요영향인소시초공압적루취화소산；재장시간소우조건하，위이화공압력적영향범위축점향심부확전，우후위이잉보지교대적증장속솔단공압력소산교만，파체은정성적주요영향인소시우수입삼연화연약협층。상대우무지호변파，유지호변파적파체위이화공압력균현저감소，저주요시유우지호결구적시가한제파체표면렬봉적확전，종이감약우수적입삼，재총강우량상동적정황하，단시간폭우조건시지호결구적수력교쾌체도은정，장시간소우조건하지호결구적수력조정적속솔교만，재강우시험결속6h후，파체전단추력최대치출현적위치불동，전자최대치출현재정층，후자최대치출현재중층，차후자상응위치처적수치시전자적1.5～1.7배。시험성과대우유사변파공정적시공설계급가고유호구유삼고의의。
The rain spraying and fiber grating monitoring were used in a geomechanical modeling test under different rainfall and support conditions to investigate the mechanical influences of different rainfall conditions on the bedding rock slope. The physical data including the displacements,the pore pressures and the supporting structure′s internal forces were analyzed. It was found that the displacement and the pore pressure variations occurred mainly at the surface of slope for the unsupported slope under the heavy rainfall condition within a short time,while the displacements became larger and the pore pressure dissipated faster in the front of the slope surface after the rain. The accumulation and dissipation of excess pore water pressure were the main factors influencing the slope stability for this type of slope. For the unsupported slope under light rainfall during a long period,the displacements and pore water pressures also occurred beneath the slope surface. A large growth rate of displacements and a smaller decreasing rate of pore water pressure dissipation remained after the rain. The soften effect on interlayers due to rain infiltration may be the main influential factors to affect the slope stability in this case. While in the case of the supported slope, the displacements and the pore pressures were much smaller due to the restriction on the crack development which reduced the rain infiltration. The stresses of the supporting structure reached stable values quickly under the heavy rainfall condition within a short period and are adjusted slowly under the light rainfall condition within a long period. The maximum values of slope thrust 6 hours after the raining appeared in the different positions at different rainfall conditions. The maximum value occurred at the top of the supporting structure under the short and heavy rainfall condition and occurred at the middle of the supporting structure under the long and light rainfall condition. The magnitude of the latter was about 1.5-1.7 times of the former at the same location.