CAJ | 학술논문

以小麦-玉米轮作试验为研究对象，探究了施用不同量生物炭对塿土土壤生物活性动态变化的影响。生物炭用量设5个水平：B0（0 t·hm-2）、B20（20 t·hm-2）、B40（40 t·hm-2）、B60（60 t·hm-2）和 B80（80 t·hm-2），氮磷钾肥均作基肥施用。结果表明：生物炭可显著提高土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和玉米收获后碱性磷酸酶活性，但对蔗糖酶和小麦季碱性磷酸酶活性影响不显著，且显著提高土壤酶指数；提高土壤微生物量碳氮含量，用量为80 t·hm-2时效果最显著，但降低土壤微生物量碳氮比；显著增加土壤三大类微生物类群的数量，增幅随其用量的增加而增加。动态变化显示，越冬期的土壤微生物量碳氮含量最低，但微生物量碳在拔节期出现高峰，而土壤微生物量氮在返青期出现高峰，与作物生育旺盛时期一致；显著减少微生物量碳和微生物量碳氮比的季节波动。施用生物炭可显著改善土壤微生物和酶活性，土壤酶指数为土壤酶活性的综合表征，可全面反映土壤酶活性对生物炭的响应特征，能够作为一种土壤质量评价方法。
이소맥-옥미륜작시험위연구대상，탐구료시용불동량생물탄대루토토양생물활성동태변화적영향。생물탄용량설5개수평：B0（0 t·hm-2）、B20（20 t·hm-2）、B40（40 t·hm-2）、B60（60 t·hm-2）화 B80（80 t·hm-2），담린갑비균작기비시용。결과표명：생물탄가현저제고토양뇨매、과양화경매화옥미수획후감성린산매활성，단대자당매화소맥계감성린산매활성영향불현저，차현저제고토양매지수；제고토양미생물량탄담함량，용량위80 t·hm-2시효과최현저，단강저토양미생물량탄담비；현저증가토양삼대류미생물류군적수량，증폭수기용량적증가이증가。동태변화현시，월동기적토양미생물량탄담함량최저，단미생물량탄재발절기출현고봉，이토양미생물량담재반청기출현고봉，여작물생육왕성시기일치；현저감소미생물량탄화미생물량탄담비적계절파동。시용생물탄가현저개선토양미생물화매활성，토양매지수위토양매활성적종합표정，가전면반영토양매활성대생물탄적향응특정，능구작위일충토양질량평개방법。
A field trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of biochar applications on the microbial biomass and enzyme activities in loess soil under a winter wheat and summer maize rotation system in temperate region, Shaanxi province, China. Biochar applications at five rates before planting spring maize:B0(0 t·hm-2), B20(20 t·hm-2), B40(40 t·hm-2), B60(60 t·hm-2)and B80(80 t·hm-2). Biochar applications significantly increased urease and catalase activities at wheat and maize harvests, and also alkali phosphatease activity at maize harvest, as compared with the control. However, biochar did not influence soil invertase and alkali phosphatease activities at wheat harvest. Amend -ments of biochar improved soil microbial biomass carbon(BC)and nitrogen(BN)but decreased the BC/BN ratios, with the maximum effects found at biochar rate of 80 t·hm-2. Microbial population increased with increasing biochar rates. In addition, Biochar amendments signifi-cantly decreased the seasonal fluctuation of BC and BC/BN. Overall, applying biochar can significantly improve soil microbes and enzyme ac-tivities.