CAJ | 학술논문

农民是农业生态补偿的主要利益相关者，其对生态补偿的认知态度和参与意愿直接影响生态补偿项目的实施效果和可持续性。以洱海流域上游水源地洱源县为例，运用条件价值法（CVM），发放调查问卷350份，回收有效问卷305份。获得洱源县农户对周边生态环境的认知状况、对生态补偿的认知度及补偿意愿（WTA）的相关数据，并测算出农业结构调整的生态补偿额度。运用最优尺度回归模型和二项 Logistic 回归模型，分析洱源县农户对补偿方式的选择偏好及生态补偿意愿的影响因素。结果表明：（1）70%左右的农户对周边生态环境有正确的感知认识，农户对生态补偿认知度也较高；（2）2007-2009年间，参与了生态补偿项目的农户，一半以上对政府的补偿表示满意，42.77%的农户持不满意态度，不满意的主要原因是补偿资金过低和补偿中出现不公平现象；（3）农户对补偿方式的偏好主要是政策补偿和技术补偿，在四种不同的农业结构调整模式下，有71.15%的农户选择了非零受偿意愿，全县农户总受偿意愿为3.2480×108元·a-1；（4）农户的文化水平、生态补偿认知度和是否参与过生态补偿3个因素对补偿方式的选择偏好有显著正向影响，家庭收入来源对其有显著负向影响，显著影响农户参与生态补偿意愿的主要因素是生态补偿认知度和是否参与过生态补偿。因此提高农户的生态补偿认知度和做好生态补偿试点工作是生态补偿实现可持续发展的关键。研究结果可以为洱海流域优化农业生产结构、制定合理的生态补偿标准和政策提供依据。
농민시농업생태보상적주요이익상관자，기대생태보상적인지태도화삼여의원직접영향생태보상항목적실시효과화가지속성。이이해류역상유수원지이원현위례，운용조건개치법（CVM），발방조사문권350빈，회수유효문권305빈。획득이원현농호대주변생태배경적인지상황、대생태보상적인지도급보상의원（WTA）적상관수거，병측산출농업결구조정적생태보상액도。운용최우척도회귀모형화이항 Logistic 회귀모형，분석이원현농호대보상방식적선택편호급생태보상의원적영향인소。결과표명：（1）70%좌우적농호대주변생태배경유정학적감지인식，농호대생태보상인지도야교고；（2）2007-2009년간，삼여료생태보상항목적농호，일반이상대정부적보상표시만의，42.77%적농호지불만의태도，불만의적주요원인시보상자금과저화보상중출현불공평현상；（3）농호대보상방식적편호주요시정책보상화기술보상，재사충불동적농업결구조정모식하，유71.15%적농호선택료비령수상의원，전현농호총수상의원위3.2480×108원·a-1；（4）농호적문화수평、생태보상인지도화시부삼여과생태보상3개인소대보상방식적선택편호유현저정향영향，가정수입래원대기유현저부향영향，현저영향농호삼여생태보상의원적주요인소시생태보상인지도화시부삼여과생태보상。인차제고농호적생태보상인지도화주호생태보상시점공작시생태보상실현가지속발전적관건。연구결과가이위이해류역우화농업생산결구、제정합리적생태보상표준화정책제공의거。
Farmers are the core stakeholders of agro-ecological compensation. Their cognition and participation willingness in agro-ecologi-cal compensation greatly influence the efficiency and sustainability of agro -ecological compensation. In this study, contingent valuation method(CVM)was used to collect information including farmersˊ cognition level of eco-environment and agro-ecological compensation and willingness to accept(WTA)agro-ecological compensation in Eryuan County in the upstream of Erhai lake basin. Agro-ecological compen-sation criteria for adjusting agricultural industry structure were also estimated. Total 350 questionnaires were sent out and valid 305 re-ceived. About 70% of farmers showed correct understanding of ecological environment and high cognition level of agro-ecological compen-sation. More than half of farmers who participated in projects of agro-ecological compensation were satisfied with agro-ecological compensa-tion in 2007-2009, while 42.77% farmers were dissatisfied due to low compensation standards and inequities in agro-ecological compen-sation. Farmers preferred policy compensation and technology compensation. Total amount of the compensation for the whole county should be 3.248 0×108 Yuan(RMB)per year. Of four agricultural structure adjustment modes in Eryuan County, 71.15% farmers chose non-zero WTA. Farmersˊ education level, cognition and participating willingness of agro-ecological compensation showed positive effects on the pref-erence of agro-ecological compensation modes, while family income had a negative effect. This study suggests that raising farmersˊ cognition of agro-ecological compensation and performing pilot scale trials of agro-ecological compensation are essential for sustainability of agro-e-cological compensation.