CAJ | 학술논문

全球每年通过人类活动新增的“活性”氮导致全球氮循环严重失衡，并引起水体的富营养化、水体酸化、温室气体排放等一系列环境问题。河流作为重要的氮汇，其氮循环对整个生态系统氮收支的影响、水体氮污染的改善和减少温室气体的排放与控制气候变化均具有重要意义。为了有助于理解反硝化过程中控制反硝化产物组成的影响因子，以利于增加反硝化最终产物氮气的释放，减少温室气体氧化亚氮的释放，从而加强对河流氮输送和氧化亚氮排放的管理，就河流反硝化的如下关键问题进行了综述：第一，河流反硝化作用的发生地点、时间以及其主要影响因素；第二，河流反硝化对河流氮负荷变化的响应机制；第三，河流系统的水文和地形地貌的变化对反硝化的影响，换言之，河流反硝化与河流水力学滞留时间及河流氮负荷的关系；第四，从生态系统尺度上讲，与陆地、海洋等生态系统相比，河流系统单位面积的反硝化率的时空变化特征，以及河流系统总的反硝化通量所占比例；第五，河流反硝化研究的主要方法。
전구매년통과인류활동신증적“활성”담도치전구담순배엄중실형，병인기수체적부영양화、수체산화、온실기체배방등일계렬배경문제。하류작위중요적담회，기담순배대정개생태계통담수지적영향、수체담오염적개선화감소온실기체적배방여공제기후변화균구유중요의의。위료유조우리해반초화과정중공제반초화산물조성적영향인자，이리우증가반초화최종산물담기적석방，감소온실기체양화아담적석방，종이가강대하류담수송화양화아담배방적관리，취하류반초화적여하관건문제진행료종술：제일，하류반초화작용적발생지점、시간이급기주요영향인소；제이，하류반초화대하류담부하변화적향응궤제；제삼，하류계통적수문화지형지모적변화대반초화적영향，환언지，하류반초화여하류수역학체류시간급하류담부하적관계；제사，종생태계통척도상강，여륙지、해양등생태계통상비，하류계통단위면적적반초화솔적시공변화특정，이급하류계통총적반초화통량소점비례；제오，하류반초화연구적주요방법。
Anthropogenic inputs of“new”active nitrogen(N)into the environment have caused water eutrophication, acidification as well as greenhouse gas emission.In this paper, the following issues were reviewed :when and where did the river denitrification occur? How dids denitrification respond to N concentration and load? What were relationships between river denitrification and water residence time and N load? How did river hydrology and geomorphology influence N losses from the denitrification? What were the characteristics of river denitri-fication rates at ecosystem scale? In addition, methods for measuring river denitrification were discussed.