CAJ | 학술논문

页岩气是以游离、吸附和溶解状态赋存于暗色泥页岩中的天然气，页岩的孔隙特征是决定页岩储层含气性的关键因素。页岩孔隙结构复杂，一般以纳米孔隙占优势，用常规储层孔隙的表征方法难以解释美国的高产页岩气系统。因此，页岩纳米孔隙的表征成为制约页岩气资源评价的关键因素。在综述目前国际上对页岩气储层孔隙表征方法的基础上，对比分析其各自的适用范围和应用前景。页岩储层孔隙的主要表征方法有3种：（1）以微区分析为主的图像分析技术；（2）以压汞法和气体等温吸附为主的流体注入技术；（3）以核磁共振、中子小角散射计算机断层成像技术为代表的非流体注入技术。图像分析能够直观、方便、快捷地获取孔隙形态等方面的特征；流体注入法在表征微孔隙的孔径分布、比表面积等方面具有独到优势；非流体注入技术由于其原位、无损分析及粒子高穿透力的特点，使研究多种地质条件下的孔隙特性成为可能。在目前的技术条件下，应明确各种表征技术的优势与限制，根据实际情况合理建立孔隙研究流程，综合利用多种技术手段能在不同的尺度下有效表征页岩气储层孔隙。
혈암기시이유리、흡부화용해상태부존우암색니혈암중적천연기，혈암적공극특정시결정혈암저층함기성적관건인소。혈암공극결구복잡，일반이납미공극점우세，용상규저층공극적표정방법난이해석미국적고산혈암기계통。인차，혈암납미공극적표정성위제약혈암기자원평개적관건인소。재종술목전국제상대혈암기저층공극표정방법적기출상，대비분석기각자적괄용범위화응용전경。혈암저층공극적주요표정방법유3충：（1）이미구분석위주적도상분석기술；（2）이압홍법화기체등온흡부위주적류체주입기술；（3）이핵자공진、중자소각산사계산궤단층성상기술위대표적비류체주입기술。도상분석능구직관、방편、쾌첩지획취공극형태등방면적특정；류체주입법재표정미공극적공경분포、비표면적등방면구유독도우세；비류체주입기술유우기원위、무손분석급입자고천투력적특점，사연구다충지질조건하적공극특성성위가능。재목전적기술조건하，응명학각충표정기술적우세여한제，근거실제정황합리건립공극연구류정，종합이용다충기술수단능재불동적척도하유효표정혈암기저층공극。
Shale gas is the free, adsorbed and dissolved gas accumulated in dark shale beds. The nature of pores is a key factor to decide gas storing of shale gas reservoir. The structure of gas shales pores is complex, and the pore diameters are mainly in nano-scale. The methods used in conventional gas system study cannot explain high production of shale gas systems in USA. The characterization of nanopores in gas shales plays a key role in shale gas system evaluation. The studies of nanopores in gas shales are reviewed and compared with each other. There are three kinds of shale gas system characterization:(1) Image analysis is based on a stereological analysis, using various types of microscopes such as scanning electron microscopes (SEM), transmission electron microscopes (TEM), scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and atomic force microscopes (AFM);(2) Intrusive methods are based on gas adsorption, mercury porosimetry, and calorimetric methods;(3) Nonintrusive methods are based on radiation scattering, wave propagation, positron lifetime spectroscopy, etc. Image analysis can obtain the morphologic information directly, rapidly and conveniently. Intrusive methods have advantages in characterization of fractal features of pore system. Because of in-situ, non-invasive analysis and high penetrability of neutron and X-ray, nonintrusive methods can simulate the pore system evolution under multi-geological settings. As each method has its own advantages, multi-scale detection using multi-technology is recommended in shale gas pore system characterization.