CAJ | 학술논문

农村居民点用地布局优化不仅是农村土地整治的基础，也是新农村建设和实现美丽乡村的重要路径。该文以江苏省宜兴市为例，根据其经济发达、生态环境优越以及风景名胜众多的特点以及农村居民点用地特征，运用景观安全格局理论和最小累积阻力模型相结合的方法，分别从水土保持、生物多样性保护和风景名胜保护三方面构建单一景观安全格局，进而建立宜兴市农村居民点用地布局综合景观安全格局。通过与宜兴市农村居民点用地的叠加分析，针对不同景观安全水平的农村居民点提出不同的布局优化方向，将宜兴市农村居民点用地划分为优先整治型、限制扩展型、适度建设型、重点发展型4种类型，分析各类型现状特征并提出优化方案。研究结果强调农村居民点用地布局工作中生态环境和景观保护优先的思想，不仅为当地新农村建设提供理论支撑，而且为相关规划制定提供参考。
농촌거민점용지포국우화불부시농촌토지정치적기출，야시신농촌건설화실현미려향촌적중요로경。해문이강소성의흥시위례，근거기경제발체、생태배경우월이급풍경명성음다적특점이급농촌거민점용지특정，운용경관안전격국이론화최소루적조력모형상결합적방법，분별종수토보지、생물다양성보호화풍경명성보호삼방면구건단일경관안전격국，진이건립의흥시농촌거민점용지포국종합경관안전격국。통과여의흥시농촌거민점용지적첩가분석，침대불동경관안전수평적농촌거민점제출불동적포국우화방향，장의흥시농촌거민점용지화분위우선정치형、한제확전형、괄도건설형、중점발전형4충류형，분석각류형현상특정병제출우화방안。연구결과강조농촌거민점용지포국공작중생태배경화경관보호우선적사상，불부위당지신농촌건설제공이론지탱，이차위상관규화제정제공삼고。
Rural residential land layout optimization not only provides a foundation for rural land consolidation, but also plays an important role in the New Countryside Construction and Beautiful Village programs. As an important land use type, rural residential land accounts for a large proportion of construction land in China. Numerous studies have shown that the layout of rural residential land is influenced by physical, economic and social factors, whose impacts vary across different regions. Yixing city, located in the developed southern region of Jiangsu province is chosen as the study area. As economic factors are no longer the dominant factors limiting rural residential land layout in Yixing city, other factors such as ecological preservation and scenic resources conservation exert more influence instead. According to the theory of landscape security pattern, some point elements, linear elements and surface elements in space play essential roles in the formation of regional landscape, and thus combine to form the regional landscape security pattern. In this paper, the theory of landscape security pattern is applied in the optimization of rural residential land layout in Yixing city, focusing especially on consideration of ecological preservation and scenic resources conservation. <br> Firstly, some critical plaques are selected as the sources for soil and water conservation, biodiversity protection and scenic resource conservation. Secondly, influencing factors are chosen to set up a resistance surface for the above mentioned conservation and protection objectives based on the values of influencing factors. Thirdly, an individual landscape security pattern for the three objectives is constructed via the minimum cumulative resistance model and Cost-weighted tool. Furthermore, a comprehensive landscape is obtained with four security levels. Finally, layout optimization schemes are presented after the overlaying of the rural residential land map of 2010 and the comprehensive landscape security pattern map. Rural residential land in Yixing city is divided into four types including prior remediation, expansion-control, moderate construction, and key development, which accounts for 6.79%, 17.90%, 53.18% and 22.13% of the total land area, respectively. Prior remediation land is characterized by steep slopes and is a superior ecological environment with parts being primeval forest and habitats of wildlife. It’s suggested that villages on these lands should be moved. Expansion-control land is characterized by complicated topography consisting of low mountains and hills, and poor agricultural production and living conditions, and is located adjacent to the wildlife habitats. It’s suggested that construction activities on these lands should be strictly controlled, and the population should be moved out gradually. Moderate construction land is characterized by gentle terrain, and superior infrastructure far away from the wildlife habitat. We suggest a reasonable layout of rural residential land on these lands. Key development land is characterized by flat terrain, convenient transportation, and superior agricultural production conditions. We suggest development activities with high intensity on these lands. With priorities focusing on the ecological environment and landscape protection, our study provides theoretical guidance not only for New Countryside Construction, but also for related planning formulation.