农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2014年
8期
30-39
,共10页
丛锦玲%廖庆喜%曹秀英%廖宜涛%余佳佳%王磊
叢錦玲%廖慶喜%曹秀英%廖宜濤%餘佳佳%王磊
총금령%료경희%조수영%료의도%여가가%왕뢰
农业机械%种子%气力式设备%油菜%小麦%排种盘%精量排种器%充种性能
農業機械%種子%氣力式設備%油菜%小麥%排種盤%精量排種器%充種性能
농업궤계%충자%기력식설비%유채%소맥%배충반%정량배충기%충충성능
agricultural machinery%seed%pneumatic equipment%rapeseed%wheat seed%seed plate%precision metering device%seed filling performance
油菜、小麦籽粒物理机械特性差异大，该文针对前期研究中油菜小麦气力式精量排种器结构中，需对不同类型种子更换排种盘的缺陷，研制了一种兼用型内嵌入导种条式排种盘及其型孔结构，以实现油菜小麦气力式精量排种器兼用。开展了其充种阶段内嵌入导种条上强制带动层种子的运动轨迹及充种区种子充填角的解析，构建了充种区强制带动层种子的力学模型；并结合高速摄像技术，分析阐明了充种区种子层的流动特性，试验研究了充种区油菜、小麦充填角与充种性能、内嵌入导种条对种子机械损伤。研究结果表明：转速范围为10～45 r/min时，排种器充种区种子充填角与转速线性相关，内嵌入导种条时的油菜、小麦充种角随转速的变化率值分别为1.6635、1.9929，相对无导种条式排种器，充填角平均增量分别为10.1°、13.45°，充填弧长平均增量分别为12.29、16.48 mm，充种性能明显提高；发芽率试验表明，排种盘内嵌入导种条对种子无机械损伤。排种器性能试验结果表明：吸种负压为-2900 Pa、排种盘内嵌入导种条可使小麦排种的平均合格指数相对提高30.76%，漏播指数相对降低38.61%；吸种负压为-900 Pa、投种正压为500 Pa时，排种盘内嵌入导种条可使油菜排种的平均合格指数相对提高3.72%，漏播指数相对降低8.58%；在转速为20～30 r/min时，排种性能均能满足油菜小麦兼用精量播种的要求。该研究可为兼用型精量排种器结构改进及性能优化提供研究依据。
油菜、小麥籽粒物理機械特性差異大，該文針對前期研究中油菜小麥氣力式精量排種器結構中，需對不同類型種子更換排種盤的缺陷，研製瞭一種兼用型內嵌入導種條式排種盤及其型孔結構，以實現油菜小麥氣力式精量排種器兼用。開展瞭其充種階段內嵌入導種條上彊製帶動層種子的運動軌跡及充種區種子充填角的解析，構建瞭充種區彊製帶動層種子的力學模型；併結閤高速攝像技術，分析闡明瞭充種區種子層的流動特性，試驗研究瞭充種區油菜、小麥充填角與充種性能、內嵌入導種條對種子機械損傷。研究結果錶明：轉速範圍為10～45 r/min時，排種器充種區種子充填角與轉速線性相關，內嵌入導種條時的油菜、小麥充種角隨轉速的變化率值分彆為1.6635、1.9929，相對無導種條式排種器，充填角平均增量分彆為10.1°、13.45°，充填弧長平均增量分彆為12.29、16.48 mm，充種性能明顯提高；髮芽率試驗錶明，排種盤內嵌入導種條對種子無機械損傷。排種器性能試驗結果錶明：吸種負壓為-2900 Pa、排種盤內嵌入導種條可使小麥排種的平均閤格指數相對提高30.76%，漏播指數相對降低38.61%；吸種負壓為-900 Pa、投種正壓為500 Pa時，排種盤內嵌入導種條可使油菜排種的平均閤格指數相對提高3.72%，漏播指數相對降低8.58%；在轉速為20～30 r/min時，排種性能均能滿足油菜小麥兼用精量播種的要求。該研究可為兼用型精量排種器結構改進及性能優化提供研究依據。
유채、소맥자립물리궤계특성차이대，해문침대전기연구중유채소맥기력식정량배충기결구중，수대불동류형충자경환배충반적결함，연제료일충겸용형내감입도충조식배충반급기형공결구，이실현유채소맥기력식정량배충기겸용。개전료기충충계단내감입도충조상강제대동층충자적운동궤적급충충구충자충전각적해석，구건료충충구강제대동층충자적역학모형；병결합고속섭상기술，분석천명료충충구충자층적류동특성，시험연구료충충구유채、소맥충전각여충충성능、내감입도충조대충자궤계손상。연구결과표명：전속범위위10～45 r/min시，배충기충충구충자충전각여전속선성상관，내감입도충조시적유채、소맥충충각수전속적변화솔치분별위1.6635、1.9929，상대무도충조식배충기，충전각평균증량분별위10.1°、13.45°，충전호장평균증량분별위12.29、16.48 mm，충충성능명현제고；발아솔시험표명，배충반내감입도충조대충자무궤계손상。배충기성능시험결과표명：흡충부압위-2900 Pa、배충반내감입도충조가사소맥배충적평균합격지수상대제고30.76%，루파지수상대강저38.61%；흡충부압위-900 Pa、투충정압위500 Pa시，배충반내감입도충조가사유채배충적평균합격지수상대제고3.72%，루파지수상대강저8.58%；재전속위20～30 r/min시，배충성능균능만족유채소맥겸용정량파충적요구。해연구가위겸용형정량배충기결구개진급성능우화제공연구의거。
In view of the differences of the physical and mechanical properties between rapeseed and wheat seed, a dual-purpose pneumatic precision metering device within the internal guiding strips fixed on the seed plate for both rapeseed and wheat seed was developed in this paper. Its working principle and the whole structure of the dual-purpose pneumatic precision metering device were expounded. The mechanical model for the single rapeseed or wheat seed on the compulsive driving layer in the filling area was established via the analysis of the motion trajectory of each single seed:rapeseed or wheat seed which was from the compulsive driving layer on the internal guiding strip, the filling angle of the seeds in filling area and the flowing characteristics of both rapeseed and wheat seed on the layers in the filling area were analyzed with the help of high-speed camera technology. The tests for the performance of seeds filling and the experiments of how the filling angle of rapeseed or wheat seed in the filling area changed, and the tests of the dual-purpose pneumatic precision metering device of its mechanical damage to seeds when the dual-purpose pneumatic precision metering device was working within the internal guiding strip fixed on the seed plate were carried out one by one. The results of the tests for the dual-purpose pneumatic precision metering device showed that: while the rotating speed of the seed plate inside the dual-purpose pneumatic precision metering device was 10-45 r/min, the seeds filling angle and the rotating speed had a linear correlation, the rapeseed and wheat seed filling angle obtained a value ratio of 1.6635 and 1.9929 with the changing of rotating speed when the internal guiding strip was fixed on the seed plate and the filling angle of rapeseed and wheat seed respectively got average increment of 10.1° and 13.45°, the seeds filling arc length average increment respectively were 12.29 mm and 16.48 mm, compared to the seed filling angles when the internal guiding strip was not fixed on the seed plate. It indicated that the performance of the dual-purpose pneumatic precision metering device for both rapeseed and wheat seed of seed filling using the internal guiding strip fixed on the seed plate improved conspicuously. The germination rate for the rapeseed and wheat seed tests showed that there was no mechanical damage to the seeds when the internal guiding strip was fixed on the seed plate. The test results of seeding performance of the dual-purpose pneumatic precision metering device showed that: when the negative pressure was -2 900 Pa, the average qualified index of the wheat seed was relatively increased by 30.76%and the missing index was decreased by 38.61%within the internal guide strip fixed on the seed plate while the dual-purpose pneumatic precision metering device was working. When the negative pressure was-900 Pa and the positive pressure was 500 Pa, the seed average qualified index was relatively increased by 3.72%, and the missing index was decreased by 8.58% within the internal guide strip fixed on the seed plate, while the dual-purpose pneumatic precision metering device was working. While the rotating speed of seed plate inside the dual-purpose pneumatic precision metering device was 20-30 r/min, the seeding performance of the dual-purpose pneumatic precision metering device could meet the requirements for sowing for wheat seed and rapeseed. This research can supply the study basis to structure improvement and performance optimization of dual-purpose precision metering device.
