科技进步与对策
科技進步與對策
과기진보여대책
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS AND POLICY
2014年
9期
121-124
,共4页
联邦实验室%技术转移%收益私人化%权益私有化%国有科研事业单位
聯邦實驗室%技術轉移%收益私人化%權益私有化%國有科研事業單位
련방실험실%기술전이%수익사인화%권익사유화%국유과연사업단위
Federal Laboratories%Technology Transfer%Privatization of Proceeds%Individualization of Interest%State-ow ned Scientific Research Institutions
美国针对联邦实验室国有专利的技术转移有着不同于大学的法律激励体系,具体包括将技术转移权益下放实验室、根据收益向发明人发放提成,将国有专利许可、独占许可,甚至所有权让渡给私营企业,将联邦实验室的合作研发成果归由合作方享有、获得独占许可或者不向第三方公开等,大体上可以归结为将国有专利的收益私人化、权益私有化两个方面。与美国联邦实验室的所有制性质相同,我国的高等院校及科研机构绝大部分是国有事业单位。基于此,探讨了美国联邦实验室的技术转移法律激励制度以及支撑这些改革的基本理念。
美國針對聯邦實驗室國有專利的技術轉移有著不同于大學的法律激勵體繫,具體包括將技術轉移權益下放實驗室、根據收益嚮髮明人髮放提成,將國有專利許可、獨佔許可,甚至所有權讓渡給私營企業,將聯邦實驗室的閤作研髮成果歸由閤作方享有、穫得獨佔許可或者不嚮第三方公開等,大體上可以歸結為將國有專利的收益私人化、權益私有化兩箇方麵。與美國聯邦實驗室的所有製性質相同,我國的高等院校及科研機構絕大部分是國有事業單位。基于此,探討瞭美國聯邦實驗室的技術轉移法律激勵製度以及支撐這些改革的基本理唸。
미국침대련방실험실국유전리적기술전이유착불동우대학적법률격려체계,구체포괄장기술전이권익하방실험실、근거수익향발명인발방제성,장국유전리허가、독점허가,심지소유권양도급사영기업,장련방실험실적합작연발성과귀유합작방향유、획득독점허가혹자불향제삼방공개등,대체상가이귀결위장국유전리적수익사인화、권익사유화량개방면。여미국련방실험실적소유제성질상동,아국적고등원교급과연궤구절대부분시국유사업단위。기우차,탐토료미국련방실험실적기술전이법률격려제도이급지탱저사개혁적기본이념。
The legal inventive system for technology transfer of federal laboratories in the U .S .is different from that of uni-versities .The U .S .government delegates technology transfer power to federal laboratories directors and shares license revenues with laboratory inventors .The federal legislation allows the federal laboratories license ,exclusive license ,even convey government's patents to private companies .When cooperating with private companies ,federal laboratories can con-tracting their technological results to their partners ,license exclusively to their partners ,or agree not to disclose to a third party .These legal methods are ,generally speaking ,in two ways :privatization of proceeds of government's patents ,and in-dividualization of interest of government's patents .Same as the federal laboratories of the U .S .,the vast majority of uni-versities and research institutions in China are state-ow ned ;therefore the legal incentive system for technology transfer of U .S .federal laboratories and its theory are instructive to us .