CAJ | 학술논문

自然环境中超过99%的微生物不能用传统的方法进行纯培养，这大大限制了人类认识微生物世界的视野。宏基因组学是20世纪90年代发展起来的，它是通过直接提取环境中全部微生物的总基因组DNA并克隆到合适的可培养微生物宿主中来筛选目的基因的新方法。它已广泛应用于农业、林业、土壤、海洋、人体医学等各个领域，从发酵工艺到生物能源再到环境治理等与人们生活息息相关的各个方面都起到突出的作用。本文重点介绍了宏基因组学在微生物学研究中的应用，旨在说明宏基因组技术可以获得难以人工培养的微生物基因组信息，这使我们在很大程度上提高了对环境中微生物资源多样性的认识，并使其极大的为人类有效开发利用。
자연배경중초과99%적미생물불능용전통적방법진행순배양，저대대한제료인류인식미생물세계적시야。굉기인조학시20세기90년대발전기래적，타시통과직접제취배경중전부미생물적총기인조DNA병극륭도합괄적가배양미생물숙주중래사선목적기인적신방법。타이엄범응용우농업、임업、토양、해양、인체의학등각개영역，종발효공예도생물능원재도배경치리등여인문생활식식상관적각개방면도기도돌출적작용。본문중점개소료굉기인조학재미생물학연구중적응용，지재설명굉기인조기술가이획득난이인공배양적미생물기인조신식，저사아문재흔대정도상제고료대배경중미생물자원다양성적인식，병사기겁대적위인류유효개발이용。
In many environments, as many as 99%of the microorganisms cannot be cultured by standard techniques. This greatly limits the horizons of the microbial world by human. Metagenomics developed since 1990s, it is a new method of gene screening, which directly extract all the microbes’total genome DNA and clone into a suitable host microorganisms. Metagenomics has been applied to many environmental samples, such as agriculture, forestry, soil, ocean, human medicine, showing significant value in various areas in-cluding medicine, alternative energy, environmental remediation, biotechnology, agriculture, biodefense and ethnics. This paper focus-es on the application of metagenomics in microbiology to illustrate that metagenomics can gain genome information of microbial com-munity that are difficult to cultivate, which is considerablely improvement in our understanding of microbial genetic resources.